diff --git a/crates/turbopack-css/src/process.rs b/crates/turbopack-css/src/process.rs
index 55dee84728a22..ce415017b7f54 100644
--- a/crates/turbopack-css/src/process.rs
+++ b/crates/turbopack-css/src/process.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ use lightningcss::{
     stylesheet::{ParserOptions, PrinterOptions, StyleSheet, ToCssResult},
     targets::{Features, Targets},
     values::url::Url,
+    visit_types,
+    visitor::Visit,
 };
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use regex::Regex;
@@ -18,10 +20,10 @@ use swc_core::{
     base::sourcemap::SourceMapBuilder,
     common::{BytePos, FileName, LineCol},
     css::{
-        ast::UrlValue,
+        ast::{TypeSelector, UrlValue},
         codegen::{writer::basic::BasicCssWriter, CodeGenerator},
         modules::{CssClassName, TransformConfig},
-        visit::{VisitMut, VisitMutWith},
+        visit::{VisitMut, VisitMutWith, VisitWith},
     },
 };
 use tracing::Instrument;
@@ -30,12 +32,13 @@ use turbo_tasks_fs::{FileContent, FileSystemPath};
 use turbopack_core::{
     asset::{Asset, AssetContent},
     chunk::ChunkingContext,
-    issue::{Issue, IssueExt, OptionStyledString, StyledString},
+    issue::{Issue, IssueExt, IssueSource, OptionIssueSource, OptionStyledString, StyledString},
     reference::ModuleReferences,
     reference_type::ImportContext,
     resolve::origin::ResolveOrigin,
     source::Source,
     source_map::{GenerateSourceMap, OptionSourceMap},
+    source_pos::SourcePos,
 };
 use turbopack_swc_utils::emitter::IssueEmitter;
 
@@ -470,7 +473,7 @@ pub async fn parse_css(
 
 async fn process_content(
     code: String,
-    fs_path: Vc<FileSystemPath>,
+    fs_path_vc: Vc<FileSystemPath>,
     ident_str: &str,
     source: Vc<Box<dyn Source>>,
     origin: Vc<Box<dyn ResolveOrigin>>,
@@ -516,11 +519,28 @@ async fn process_content(
 
     let stylesheet = if use_lightningcss {
         StyleSheetLike::LightningCss(match StyleSheet::parse(&code, config.clone()) {
-            Ok(stylesheet) => stylesheet_into_static(&stylesheet, without_warnings(config.clone())),
+            Ok(mut ss) => {
+                ss.visit(&mut CssModuleValidator {
+                    source,
+                    file: fs_path_vc,
+                })
+                .unwrap();
+
+                stylesheet_into_static(&ss, without_warnings(config.clone()))
+            }
             Err(e) => {
+                let source = e.loc.as_ref().map(|loc| {
+                    let pos = SourcePos {
+                        line: loc.line as _,
+                        column: loc.column as _,
+                    };
+                    IssueSource::from_line_col(source, pos, pos)
+                });
+
                 ParsingIssue {
-                    file: fs_path,
+                    file: fs_path_vc,
                     msg: Vc::cell(e.to_string()),
+                    source: Vc::cell(source),
                 }
                 .cell()
                 .emit();
@@ -528,7 +548,7 @@ async fn process_content(
             }
         })
     } else {
-        let fs_path = &*fs_path.await?;
+        let fs_path = &*fs_path_vc.await?;
 
         let handler = swc_core::common::errors::Handler::with_emitter(
             true,
@@ -558,7 +578,7 @@ async fn process_content(
             err.to_diagnostics(&handler).emit();
         }
 
-        let ss = match ss {
+        let ss: swc_core::css::ast::Stylesheet = match ss {
             Ok(v) => v,
             Err(err) => {
                 err.to_diagnostics(&handler).emit();
@@ -570,6 +590,13 @@ async fn process_content(
             return Ok(ParseCssResult::Unparseable.into());
         }
 
+        if matches!(ty, CssModuleAssetType::Module) {
+            ss.visit_with(&mut CssModuleValidator {
+                source,
+                file: fs_path_vc,
+            });
+        }
+
         StyleSheetLike::Swc {
             stylesheet: ss,
             css_modules: if matches!(ty, CssModuleAssetType::Module) {
@@ -608,6 +635,91 @@ async fn process_content(
     .into())
 }
 
+/// Visitor that lints wrong css module usage.
+///
+/// ```css
+/// button {
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// is wrong for a css module because it doesn't have a class name.
+struct CssModuleValidator {
+    source: Vc<Box<dyn Source>>,
+    file: Vc<FileSystemPath>,
+}
+
+const CSS_MODULE_ERROR: &str =
+    "Selector is not pure (pure selectors must contain at least one local class or id)";
+
+/// We only vist top-level selectors.
+impl swc_core::css::visit::Visit for CssModuleValidator {
+    // TODO: SKip some
+    fn visit_complex_selector(&mut self, n: &swc_core::css::ast::ComplexSelector) {
+        if n.children.iter().all(|sel| match sel {
+            swc_core::css::ast::ComplexSelectorChildren::CompoundSelector(sel) => {
+                sel.subclass_selectors.is_empty()
+                    && match &sel.type_selector.as_deref() {
+                        Some(TypeSelector::TagName(tag)) => {
+                            !matches!(&*tag.name.value.value, "html" | "body")
+                        }
+                        Some(..) => true,
+                        None => false,
+                    }
+            }
+            swc_core::css::ast::ComplexSelectorChildren::Combinator(_) => true,
+        }) {
+            ParsingIssue {
+                file: self.file,
+                msg: Vc::cell(CSS_MODULE_ERROR.to_string()),
+                source: Vc::cell(Some(IssueSource::from_swc_offsets(
+                    self.source,
+                    n.span.lo.0 as _,
+                    n.span.hi.0 as _,
+                ))),
+            }
+            .cell()
+            .emit();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_simple_block(&mut self, _: &swc_core::css::ast::SimpleBlock) {}
+}
+
+/// We only vist top-level selectors.
+impl lightningcss::visitor::Visitor<'_> for CssModuleValidator {
+    type Error = ();
+
+    // TODO: Skip some
+
+    fn visit_types(&self) -> lightningcss::visitor::VisitTypes {
+        visit_types!(SELECTORS)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_selector(
+        &mut self,
+        selector: &mut lightningcss::selector::Selector<'_>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        if selector.iter().all(|component| !match component {
+            parcel_selectors::parser::Component::ID(_)
+            | parcel_selectors::parser::Component::Class(_) => true,
+            parcel_selectors::parser::Component::LocalName(local) => {
+                !matches!(&*local.name.0, "html" | "body")
+            }
+            _ => false,
+        }) {
+            ParsingIssue {
+                file: self.file,
+                msg: Vc::cell(CSS_MODULE_ERROR.to_string()),
+                source: Vc::cell(None),
+            }
+            .cell()
+            .emit();
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 #[turbo_tasks::value(shared, serialization = "none", eq = "manual")]
 pub enum ParseCssResultSourceMap {
     Parcel {
@@ -762,6 +874,7 @@ impl TransformConfig for ModuleTransformConfig {
 struct ParsingIssue {
     msg: Vc<String>,
     file: Vc<FileSystemPath>,
+    source: Vc<OptionIssueSource>,
 }
 
 #[turbo_tasks::value_impl]
@@ -776,6 +889,11 @@ impl Issue for ParsingIssue {
         StyledString::Text("Parsing css source code failed".to_string()).cell()
     }
 
+    #[turbo_tasks::function]
+    fn source(&self) -> Vc<OptionIssueSource> {
+        self.source
+    }
+
     #[turbo_tasks::function]
     async fn description(&self) -> Result<Vc<OptionStyledString>> {
         Ok(Vc::cell(Some(