diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/fixtures/worker.invoke.mjs b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/fixtures/worker.invoke.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3e843293a513f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/fixtures/worker.invoke.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// @ts-check
+
+import { BroadcastChannel, parentPort } from 'node:worker_threads'
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'
+import { ESModulesEvaluator, ModuleRunner } from 'vite/module-runner'
+import { createBirpc } from 'birpc'
+
+if (!parentPort) {
+  throw new Error('File "worker.js" must be run in a worker thread')
+}
+
+/** @type {import('worker_threads').MessagePort} */
+const pPort = parentPort
+
+/** @type {import('birpc').BirpcReturn<{ invoke: (data: any) => any }>} */
+const rpc = createBirpc({}, {
+  post: (data) => pPort.postMessage(data),
+  on: (data) => pPort.on('message', data),
+})
+
+const runner = new ModuleRunner(
+  {
+    root: fileURLToPath(new URL('./', import.meta.url)),
+    transport: {
+      invoke(data) { return rpc.invoke(data) }
+    },
+    hmr: false,
+  },
+  new ESModulesEvaluator(),
+)
+
+const channel = new BroadcastChannel('vite-worker:invoke')
+channel.onmessage = async (message) => {
+  try {
+    const mod = await runner.import(message.data.id)
+    channel.postMessage({ result: mod.default })
+  } catch (e) {
+    channel.postMessage({ error: e.stack })
+  }
+}
+parentPort.postMessage('ready')
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/package.json b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/package.json
index cb8754df8a41cd..7634431fba86e1 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/package.json
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/package.json
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "@vitejs/cjs-external": "link:./fixtures/cjs-external",
     "@vitejs/esm-external": "link:./fixtures/esm-external",
-    "tinyspy": "2.2.0"
+    "tinyspy": "2.2.0",
+    "birpc": "^0.2.19"
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/server-worker-runner.invoke.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/server-worker-runner.invoke.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..cdca15c695afc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/server-worker-runner.invoke.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import { BroadcastChannel, Worker } from 'node:worker_threads'
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import type { BirpcReturn } from 'birpc'
+import { createBirpc } from 'birpc'
+import { DevEnvironment } from '../../..'
+import { type ViteDevServer, createServer } from '../../../server'
+
+describe('running module runner inside a worker and using the ModuleRunnerTransport#invoke API', () => {
+  let worker: Worker
+  let server: ViteDevServer
+  let rpc: BirpcReturn<
+    unknown,
+    { invoke: (data: any) => Promise<{ result: any } | { error: any }> }
+  >
+  let handleInvoke: (data: any) => Promise<{ result: any } | { error: any }>
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    worker = new Worker(
+      new URL('./fixtures/worker.invoke.mjs', import.meta.url),
+      {
+        stdout: true,
+      },
+    )
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+      worker.on('message', () => resolve())
+      worker.on('error', reject)
+    })
+    server = await createServer({
+      root: __dirname,
+      logLevel: 'error',
+      server: {
+        middlewareMode: true,
+        watch: null,
+        hmr: {
+          port: 9610,
+        },
+      },
+      environments: {
+        worker: {
+          dev: {
+            createEnvironment: (name, config) => {
+              return new DevEnvironment(name, config, {
+                hot: false,
+              })
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    })
+    handleInvoke = (data: any) => server.environments.ssr.hot.handleInvoke(data)
+    rpc = createBirpc(
+      {
+        invoke: (data: any) => handleInvoke(data),
+      },
+      {
+        post: (data) => worker.postMessage(data),
+        on: (data) => worker.on('message', data),
+      },
+    )
+  })
+
+  afterAll(() => {
+    server.close()
+    worker.terminate()
+    rpc.$close()
+  })
+
+  async function run(id: string) {
+    const channel = new BroadcastChannel('vite-worker:invoke')
+    return new Promise<any>((resolve, reject) => {
+      channel.onmessage = (event) => {
+        try {
+          resolve((event as MessageEvent).data)
+        } catch (e) {
+          reject(e)
+        }
+      }
+      channel.postMessage({ id })
+    })
+  }
+
+  it('correctly runs ssr code', async () => {
+    const output = await run('./fixtures/default-string.ts')
+    expect(output).toStrictEqual({
+      result: 'hello world',
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('triggers an error', async () => {
+    handleInvoke = async () => ({ error: new Error('This is an Invoke Error') })
+    const output = await run('dummy')
+    expect(output).not.toHaveProperty('result')
+    expect(output.error).toContain('Error: This is an Invoke Error')
+  })
+
+  it('triggers an unknown error', async () => {
+    handleInvoke = async () => ({ error: 'a string instead of an error' })
+    const output = await run('dummy')
+    expect(output).not.toHaveProperty('result')
+    expect(output.error).toContain('Error: Unknown invoke error')
+  })
+})
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 0c84cf1803d203..ee05329c3e0aaa 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -455,6 +455,9 @@ importers:
       '@vitejs/esm-external':
         specifier: link:./fixtures/esm-external
         version: link:fixtures/esm-external
+      birpc:
+        specifier: ^0.2.19
+        version: 0.2.19
       tinyspy:
         specifier: 2.2.0
         version: 2.2.0