diff --git a/.prettierignore b/.prettierignore
index 95541be4525222..d5283c0ed86f17 100644
--- a/.prettierignore
+++ b/.prettierignore
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 packages/*/CHANGELOG.md
 packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/fixtures
+packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors
 playground-temp/
 dist/
 temp/
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/hmr.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/hmr.ts
index 18c9537d024e0e..60db76c9361958 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/hmr.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/hmr.ts
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ export const normalizeHotChannel = (
           name: error.name,
           message: error.message,
           stack: error.stack,
+          ...error, // preserve enumerable properties such as RollupError.loc, frame, plugin
         },
       }
     }
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/__snapshots__/ssrLoadModule.spec.ts.snap b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/__snapshots__/ssrLoadModule.spec.ts.snap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..bcb392884b3f6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/__snapshots__/ssrLoadModule.spec.ts.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
+
+exports[`parse error 1`] = `
+{
+  "frame": "
+Expected ";" but found "code"
+1  |  invalid code
+   |          ^
+2  |  
+",
+  "id": "<root>/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.ts",
+  "loc": {
+    "column": 8,
+    "file": "<root>/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.ts",
+    "line": 1,
+  },
+  "message": "Transform failed with 1 error:
+<root>/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.ts:1:8: ERROR: Expected ";" but found "code"",
+}
+`;
+
+exports[`parse error 2`] = `
+{
+  "frame": "1  |  invalid code
+   |          ^
+2  |  ",
+  "id": "/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.js",
+  "loc": {
+    "column": 9,
+    "file": "/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.js",
+    "line": 1,
+  },
+  "message": "Expected ';', '}' or <eof>",
+}
+`;
+
+exports[`parse error 3`] = `
+{
+  "frame": "
+Expected ";" but found "code"
+1  |  invalid code
+   |          ^
+2  |  
+",
+  "id": "<root>/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.ts",
+  "loc": {
+    "column": 8,
+    "file": "<root>/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.ts",
+    "line": 1,
+  },
+  "message": "Transform failed with 1 error:
+<root>/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.ts:1:8: ERROR: Expected ";" but found "code"",
+}
+`;
+
+exports[`parse error 4`] = `
+{
+  "frame": "1  |  invalid code
+   |          ^
+2  |  ",
+  "id": "/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.js",
+  "loc": {
+    "column": 9,
+    "file": "/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.js",
+    "line": 1,
+  },
+  "message": "Expected ';', '}' or <eof>",
+}
+`;
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors/syntax-error-dep.js b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors/syntax-error-dep.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..defb897f2c0132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors/syntax-error-dep.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import './syntax-error.js'
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors/syntax-error-dep.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors/syntax-error-dep.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..af356b5c570091
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors/syntax-error-dep.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import './syntax-error.ts'
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.js b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..618a16e1c99712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+invalid code
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..618a16e1c99712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+invalid code
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/ssrLoadModule.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/ssrLoadModule.spec.ts
index b5bae3ae1745f7..4479d20be233c5 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/ssrLoadModule.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/ssrLoadModule.spec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'
 import path from 'node:path'
+import { stripVTControlCharacters } from 'node:util'
 import { expect, test } from 'vitest'
 import { createServer } from '../../server'
 import { normalizePath } from '../../utils'
@@ -178,3 +179,36 @@ test('can access nodejs global', async () => {
   const mod = await server.ssrLoadModule('/fixtures/global/test.js')
   expect(mod.default).toBe(globalThis)
 })
+
+test('parse error', async () => {
+  const server = await createDevServer()
+
+  function stripRoot(s?: string) {
+    return (s || '').replace(server.config.root, '<root>')
+  }
+
+  for (const file of [
+    '/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.ts',
+    '/fixtures/errors/syntax-error.js',
+    '/fixtures/errors/syntax-error-dep.ts',
+    '/fixtures/errors/syntax-error-dep.js',
+  ]) {
+    try {
+      await server.ssrLoadModule(file)
+    } catch (e) {
+      expect(e).toBeInstanceOf(Error)
+      expect({
+        message: stripRoot(e.message),
+        frame: stripVTControlCharacters(e.frame || ''),
+        id: stripRoot(e.id),
+        loc: e.loc && {
+          file: stripRoot(e.loc.file),
+          column: e.loc.column,
+          line: e.loc.line,
+        },
+      }).toMatchSnapshot()
+      continue
+    }
+    expect.unreachable()
+  }
+})
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/ssrTransform.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/ssrTransform.ts
index a93b2c9d8a73ba..7375a06cdf4a0a 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/ssrTransform.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/ssrTransform.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,12 @@ import { walk as eswalk } from 'estree-walker'
 import type { RawSourceMap } from '@ampproject/remapping'
 import { parseAstAsync as rollupParseAstAsync } from 'rollup/parseAst'
 import type { TransformResult } from '../server/transformRequest'
-import { combineSourcemaps, isDefined } from '../utils'
+import {
+  combineSourcemaps,
+  generateCodeFrame,
+  isDefined,
+  numberToPos,
+} from '../utils'
 import { isJSONRequest } from '../plugins/json'
 import type { DefineImportMetadata } from '../../shared/ssrTransform'
 
@@ -81,15 +86,13 @@ async function ssrTransformScript(
   try {
     ast = await rollupParseAstAsync(code)
   } catch (err) {
-    if (!err.loc || !err.loc.line) throw err
-    const line = err.loc.line
-    throw new Error(
-      `Parse failure: ${
-        err.message
-      }\nAt file: ${url}\nContents of line ${line}: ${
-        code.split('\n')[line - 1]
-      }`,
-    )
+    if (err.code === 'PARSE_ERROR' && typeof err.pos === 'number') {
+      err.id = url
+      err.loc = numberToPos(code, err.pos)
+      err.loc.file = url
+      err.frame = generateCodeFrame(code, err.pos)
+    }
+    throw err
   }
 
   let uid = 0
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/shared/moduleRunnerTransport.ts b/packages/vite/src/shared/moduleRunnerTransport.ts
index f643e3d6a68c4a..6d5bd9a689108a 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/shared/moduleRunnerTransport.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/shared/moduleRunnerTransport.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ type InvokeableModuleRunnerTransport = Omit<ModuleRunnerTransport, 'invoke'> & {
   ): Promise<ReturnType<Awaited<InvokeMethods[T]>>>
 }
 
+function reviveInvokeError(e: any) {
+  return Object.assign(new Error(e.message || 'Unknown invoke error'), e)
+}
+
 const createInvokeableTransport = (
   transport: ModuleRunnerTransport,
 ): InvokeableModuleRunnerTransport => {
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ const createInvokeableTransport = (
           } satisfies InvokeSendData,
         } satisfies CustomPayload)
         if ('e' in result) {
-          throw result.e
+          throw reviveInvokeError(result.e)
         }
         return result.r
       },
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@ const createInvokeableTransport = (
 
               const { e, r } = data.data
               if (e) {
-                promise.reject(e)
+                promise.reject(reviveInvokeError(e))
               } else {
                 promise.resolve(r)
               }