forked from NVIDIA/cuda-samples
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
VulkanBaseApp.cpp
1728 lines (1427 loc) · 66.3 KB
/
VulkanBaseApp.cpp
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
/* Copyright (c) 2020, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
* OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/*
* This file contains basic cross-platform setup paths in working with Vulkan
* and rendering window. It is largely based off of tutorials provided here:
* https://vulkan-tutorial.com/
*/
#include <stdexcept>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <set>
#include <string.h>
#include "VulkanBaseApp.h"
#include "VulkanCudaInterop.h"
#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#ifdef _WIN64
#include <VersionHelpers.h>
#include <dxgi1_2.h>
#include <aclapi.h>
#endif /* _WIN64 */
#ifndef countof
#define countof(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*(x)))
#endif
static const char *validationLayers[] = { "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation" };
static const size_t MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 5;
void VulkanBaseApp::resizeCallback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height)
{
VulkanBaseApp *app = reinterpret_cast<VulkanBaseApp *>(glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
app->m_framebufferResized = true;
}
static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity, VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *pCallbackData, void *pUserData)
{
std::cerr << "validation layer: " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl;
return VK_FALSE;
}
VulkanBaseApp::VulkanBaseApp(const std::string& appName, bool enableValidation) :
m_appName(appName),
m_enableValidation(enableValidation),
m_instance(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_window(nullptr),
m_debugMessenger(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_surface(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_physicalDevice(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_device(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_graphicsQueue(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_presentQueue(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_swapChain(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_swapChainImages(),
m_swapChainFormat(),
m_swapChainExtent(),
m_swapChainImageViews(),
m_shaderFiles(),
m_renderPass(),
m_pipelineLayout(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_graphicsPipeline(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_swapChainFramebuffers(),
m_commandPool(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_commandBuffers(),
m_imageAvailableSemaphores(),
m_renderFinishedSemaphores(),
m_inFlightFences(),
m_uniformBuffers(),
m_uniformMemory(),
m_descriptorSetLayout(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_descriptorPool(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_descriptorSets(),
m_depthImage(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_depthImageMemory(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_depthImageView(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
m_currentFrame(0),
m_framebufferResized(false)
{
}
VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlagBits VulkanBaseApp::getDefaultSemaphoreHandleType()
{
#ifdef _WIN64
return IsWindows8OrGreater() ?
VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_BIT :
VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_KMT_BIT;
#else
return VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_FD_BIT;
#endif
}
VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits VulkanBaseApp::getDefaultMemHandleType()
{
#ifdef _WIN64
return IsWindows8Point1OrGreater() ?
VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_BIT :
VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_KMT_BIT;
#else
return VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_FD_BIT;
#endif
}
VulkanBaseApp::~VulkanBaseApp()
{
cleanupSwapChain();
if (m_descriptorSetLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(m_device, m_descriptorSetLayout, nullptr);
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < m_renderFinishedSemaphores.size(); i++) {
vkDestroySemaphore(m_device, m_renderFinishedSemaphores[i], nullptr);
vkDestroySemaphore(m_device, m_imageAvailableSemaphores[i], nullptr);
vkDestroyFence(m_device, m_inFlightFences[i], nullptr);
}
if (m_commandPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
vkDestroyCommandPool(m_device, m_commandPool, nullptr);
}
if (m_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
vkDestroyDevice(m_device, nullptr);
}
if (m_enableValidation) {
PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(m_instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
if (func != nullptr) {
func(m_instance, m_debugMessenger, nullptr);
}
}
if (m_surface != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
vkDestroySurfaceKHR(m_instance, m_surface, nullptr);
}
if (m_instance != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
vkDestroyInstance(m_instance, nullptr);
}
if (m_window) {
glfwDestroyWindow(m_window);
}
glfwTerminate();
}
void VulkanBaseApp::init()
{
initWindow();
initVulkan();
}
VkCommandBuffer VulkanBaseApp::beginSingleTimeCommands()
{
VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
allocInfo.commandPool = m_commandPool;
allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
vkAllocateCommandBuffers(m_device, &allocInfo, &commandBuffer);
VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo);
return commandBuffer;
}
void VulkanBaseApp::endSingleTimeCommands(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
{
vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;
vkQueueSubmit(m_graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
vkQueueWaitIdle(m_graphicsQueue);
vkFreeCommandBuffers(m_device, m_commandPool, 1, &commandBuffer);
}
void VulkanBaseApp::initWindow()
{
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE);
m_window = glfwCreateWindow(1280, 800, m_appName.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr);
glfwSetWindowUserPointer(m_window, this);
glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(m_window, resizeCallback);
}
std::vector<const char *> VulkanBaseApp::getRequiredExtensions() const
{
return std::vector<const char *>();
}
std::vector<const char *> VulkanBaseApp::getRequiredDeviceExtensions() const
{
return std::vector<const char *>();
}
void VulkanBaseApp::initVulkan()
{
createInstance();
createSurface();
createDevice();
createSwapChain();
createImageViews();
createRenderPass();
createDescriptorSetLayout();
createGraphicsPipeline();
createCommandPool();
createDepthResources();
createFramebuffers();
initVulkanApp();
createUniformBuffers();
createDescriptorPool();
createDescriptorSets();
createCommandBuffers();
createSyncObjects();
}
#ifdef _WIN64
class WindowsSecurityAttributes
{
protected:
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES m_winSecurityAttributes;
PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR m_winPSecurityDescriptor;
public:
WindowsSecurityAttributes();
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES *operator&();
~WindowsSecurityAttributes();
};
WindowsSecurityAttributes::WindowsSecurityAttributes()
{
m_winPSecurityDescriptor = (PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR)calloc(1, SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_MIN_LENGTH + 2 * sizeof(void **));
if (!m_winPSecurityDescriptor) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to allocate memory for security descriptor");
}
PSID *ppSID = (PSID *)((PBYTE)m_winPSecurityDescriptor + SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_MIN_LENGTH);
PACL *ppACL = (PACL *)((PBYTE)ppSID + sizeof(PSID *));
InitializeSecurityDescriptor(m_winPSecurityDescriptor, SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_REVISION);
SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY sidIdentifierAuthority = SECURITY_WORLD_SID_AUTHORITY;
AllocateAndInitializeSid(&sidIdentifierAuthority, 1, SECURITY_WORLD_RID, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ppSID);
EXPLICIT_ACCESS explicitAccess;
ZeroMemory(&explicitAccess, sizeof(EXPLICIT_ACCESS));
explicitAccess.grfAccessPermissions = STANDARD_RIGHTS_ALL | SPECIFIC_RIGHTS_ALL;
explicitAccess.grfAccessMode = SET_ACCESS;
explicitAccess.grfInheritance = INHERIT_ONLY;
explicitAccess.Trustee.TrusteeForm = TRUSTEE_IS_SID;
explicitAccess.Trustee.TrusteeType = TRUSTEE_IS_WELL_KNOWN_GROUP;
explicitAccess.Trustee.ptstrName = (LPTSTR)* ppSID;
SetEntriesInAcl(1, &explicitAccess, NULL, ppACL);
SetSecurityDescriptorDacl(m_winPSecurityDescriptor, TRUE, *ppACL, FALSE);
m_winSecurityAttributes.nLength = sizeof(m_winSecurityAttributes);
m_winSecurityAttributes.lpSecurityDescriptor = m_winPSecurityDescriptor;
m_winSecurityAttributes.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
}
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES *
WindowsSecurityAttributes::operator&()
{
return &m_winSecurityAttributes;
}
WindowsSecurityAttributes::~WindowsSecurityAttributes()
{
PSID *ppSID = (PSID *)((PBYTE)m_winPSecurityDescriptor + SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_MIN_LENGTH);
PACL *ppACL = (PACL *)((PBYTE)ppSID + sizeof(PSID *));
if (*ppSID) {
FreeSid(*ppSID);
}
if (*ppACL) {
LocalFree(*ppACL);
}
free(m_winPSecurityDescriptor);
}
#endif /* _WIN64 */
static VkFormat findSupportedFormat(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, const std::vector<VkFormat>& candidates, VkImageTiling tiling, VkFormatFeatureFlags features)
{
for (VkFormat format : candidates) {
VkFormatProperties props;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physicalDevice, format, &props);
if (tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR && (props.linearTilingFeatures & features) == features) {
return format;
}
else if (tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL && (props.optimalTilingFeatures & features) == features) {
return format;
}
}
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to find supported format!");
}
static uint32_t findMemoryType(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, uint32_t typeFilter, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties)
{
VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memProperties;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &memProperties);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
if (typeFilter & (1 << i) && (memProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties) {
return i;
}
}
return ~0;
}
static bool supportsValidationLayers()
{
std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers;
uint32_t layerCount;
vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr);
availableLayers.resize(layerCount);
vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data());
for (const char * layerName : validationLayers) {
bool layerFound = false;
for (const auto & layerProperties : availableLayers) {
if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0) {
layerFound = true;
break;
}
}
if (!layerFound) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
void VulkanBaseApp::createInstance()
{
if (m_enableValidation && !supportsValidationLayers()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Validation requested, but not supported!");
}
VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {};
appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
appInfo.pApplicationName = m_appName.c_str();
appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine";
appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;
std::vector<const char *> exts = getRequiredExtensions();
{
uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
const char **glfwExtensions;
glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);
exts.insert(exts.begin(), glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount);
if (m_enableValidation) {
exts.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
}
}
createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(exts.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = exts.data();
VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugCreateInfo = {};
if (m_enableValidation) {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(countof(validationLayers));
createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers;
debugCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
debugCreateInfo.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
debugCreateInfo.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
debugCreateInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback;
createInfo.pNext = &debugCreateInfo;
}
else {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
createInfo.pNext = nullptr;
}
if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &m_instance) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create Vulkan instance!");
}
if (m_enableValidation) {
PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(m_instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
if (func == nullptr || func(m_instance, &debugCreateInfo, nullptr, &m_debugMessenger) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to set up debug messenger!");
}
}
}
void VulkanBaseApp::createSurface()
{
if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(m_instance, m_window, nullptr, &m_surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!");
}
}
static bool findGraphicsQueueIndicies(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface, uint32_t& graphicsFamily, uint32_t& presentFamily)
{
uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);
std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());
graphicsFamily = presentFamily = ~0;
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queueFamilyCount; i++) {
if (queueFamilies[i].queueCount > 0) {
if (graphicsFamily == ~0 && queueFamilies[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
graphicsFamily = i;
}
uint32_t presentSupport = 0;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentSupport);
if (presentFamily == ~0 && presentSupport) {
presentFamily = i;
}
if (presentFamily != ~0 && graphicsFamily != ~0) {
break;
}
}
}
return graphicsFamily != ~0 && presentFamily != ~0;
}
static bool hasAllExtensions(VkPhysicalDevice device, const std::vector<const char *>& deviceExtensions)
{
uint32_t extensionCount;
vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);
std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> availableExtensions(extensionCount);
vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, availableExtensions.data());
std::set<std::string> requiredExtensions(deviceExtensions.begin(), deviceExtensions.end());
for (const auto & extension : availableExtensions) {
requiredExtensions.erase(extension.extensionName);
}
return requiredExtensions.empty();
}
static void getSwapChainProperties(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface, VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities, std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& formats, std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& presentModes)
{
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, surface, &capabilities);
uint32_t formatCount;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);
if (formatCount != 0) {
formats.resize(formatCount);
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, formats.data());
}
uint32_t presentModeCount;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);
if (presentModeCount != 0) {
presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, presentModes.data());
}
}
bool VulkanBaseApp::isSuitableDevice(VkPhysicalDevice dev) const
{
bool isSuitable = false;
uint32_t graphicsQueueIndex, presentQueueIndex;
std::vector<const char *> deviceExtensions = getRequiredDeviceExtensions();
VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR caps;
std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;
deviceExtensions.push_back(VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME);
getSwapChainProperties(dev, m_surface, caps, formats, presentModes);
VkPhysicalDeviceIDPropertiesKHR vkPhysicalDeviceIDPropertiesKHR = {};
vkPhysicalDeviceIDPropertiesKHR.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_ID_PROPERTIES_KHR;
vkPhysicalDeviceIDPropertiesKHR.pNext = NULL;
VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR vkPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR = {};
vkPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2_KHR;
vkPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR.pNext = &vkPhysicalDeviceIDPropertiesKHR;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(dev, &vkPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR);
isSuitable = hasAllExtensions(dev, deviceExtensions)
&& isDeviceCompatible(vkPhysicalDeviceIDPropertiesKHR.deviceUUID, (size_t)VK_UUID_SIZE)
&& !formats.empty() && !presentModes.empty()
&& findGraphicsQueueIndicies(dev, m_surface, graphicsQueueIndex, presentQueueIndex);
if (isSuitable) {
memcpy((void *)m_deviceUUID, vkPhysicalDeviceIDPropertiesKHR.deviceUUID, sizeof(m_deviceUUID));
}
return isSuitable;
}
bool VulkanBaseApp::isVkPhysicalDeviceUuid(void *Uuid) {
return !memcmp((void *)m_deviceUUID, Uuid, (size_t)VK_UUID_SIZE);
}
void VulkanBaseApp::createDevice()
{
{
uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(m_instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);
if (deviceCount == 0) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to find Vulkan capable GPUs!");
}
std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> phyDevs(deviceCount);
vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(m_instance, &deviceCount, phyDevs.data());
std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice>::iterator it = std::find_if(phyDevs.begin(), phyDevs.end(),
std::bind(&VulkanBaseApp::isSuitableDevice, this, std::placeholders::_1));
if (it == phyDevs.end()) {
printf("\nNo suitable device found! Waiving Execution\n");
exit(EXIT_WAIVED);
}
m_physicalDevice = *it;
}
uint32_t graphicsQueueIndex, presentQueueIndex;
findGraphicsQueueIndicies(m_physicalDevice, m_surface, graphicsQueueIndex, presentQueueIndex);
std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;
std::set<uint32_t> uniqueFamilyIndices = { graphicsQueueIndex, presentQueueIndex };
float queuePriority = 1.0f;
for (uint32_t queueFamily : uniqueFamilyIndices) {
VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = graphicsQueueIndex;
queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
}
VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures = {};
deviceFeatures.fillModeNonSolid = true;
VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();
createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(queueCreateInfos.size());
createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;
std::vector<const char *> deviceExtensions = getRequiredDeviceExtensions();
deviceExtensions.push_back(VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME);
createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();
if (m_enableValidation) {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(countof(validationLayers));
createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers;
}
else {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
}
if (vkCreateDevice(m_physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &m_device) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");
}
vkGetDeviceQueue(m_device, graphicsQueueIndex, 0, &m_graphicsQueue);
vkGetDeviceQueue(m_device, presentQueueIndex, 0, &m_presentQueue);
}
static VkSurfaceFormatKHR chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats)
{
if (availableFormats.size() == 1 && availableFormats[0].format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
return { VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR };
}
for (const auto & availableFormat : availableFormats) {
if (availableFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM && availableFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR) {
return availableFormat;
}
}
return availableFormats[0];
}
static VkPresentModeKHR chooseSwapPresentMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& availablePresentModes)
{
VkPresentModeKHR bestMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
for (const auto & availablePresentMode : availablePresentModes) {
if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) {
return availablePresentMode;
}
else if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR) {
bestMode = availablePresentMode;
}
}
return bestMode;
}
static VkExtent2D chooseSwapExtent(GLFWwindow *window, const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities)
{
if (capabilities.currentExtent.width != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
return capabilities.currentExtent;
}
else {
int width, height;
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
VkExtent2D actualExtent = { static_cast<uint32_t>(width), static_cast<uint32_t>(height) };
actualExtent.width = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.width, std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.width, actualExtent.width));
actualExtent.height = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.height, std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.height, actualExtent.height));
return actualExtent;
}
}
void VulkanBaseApp::createSwapChain()
{
VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
VkSurfaceFormatKHR format;
VkPresentModeKHR presentMode;
VkExtent2D extent;
uint32_t imageCount;
{
std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;
getSwapChainProperties(m_physicalDevice, m_surface, capabilities, formats, presentModes);
format = chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(formats);
presentMode = chooseSwapPresentMode(presentModes);
extent = chooseSwapExtent(m_window, capabilities);
imageCount = capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
if (capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > capabilities.maxImageCount) {
imageCount = capabilities.maxImageCount;
}
}
VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
createInfo.surface = m_surface;
createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
createInfo.imageFormat = format.format;
createInfo.imageColorSpace = format.colorSpace;
createInfo.imageExtent = extent;
createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
uint32_t queueFamilyIndices[2];
findGraphicsQueueIndicies(m_physicalDevice, m_surface, queueFamilyIndices[0], queueFamilyIndices[1]);
if (queueFamilyIndices[0] != queueFamilyIndices[1]) {
createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = countof(queueFamilyIndices);
createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamilyIndices;
}
else {
createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
}
createInfo.preTransform = capabilities.currentTransform;
createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
createInfo.presentMode = presentMode;
createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;
createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(m_device, &createInfo, nullptr, &m_swapChain) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create swap chain!");
}
vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(m_device, m_swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr);
m_swapChainImages.resize(imageCount);
vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(m_device, m_swapChain, &imageCount, m_swapChainImages.data());
m_swapChainFormat = format.format;
m_swapChainExtent = extent;
}
static VkImageView createImageView(VkDevice dev, VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags)
{
VkImageView imageView;
VkImageViewCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.image = image;
createInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
createInfo.format = format;
createInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
createInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
createInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
createInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
createInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = aspectFlags;
createInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
createInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
createInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
createInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
if (vkCreateImageView(dev, &createInfo, nullptr, &imageView) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create image views!");
}
return imageView;
}
static void createImage(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkDevice device, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, VkFormat format, VkImageTiling tiling, VkImageUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkImage& image, VkDeviceMemory& imageMemory)
{
VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo = {};
imageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
imageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
imageInfo.extent.width = width;
imageInfo.extent.height = height;
imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
imageInfo.mipLevels = 1;
imageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
imageInfo.format = format;
imageInfo.tiling = tiling;
imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
imageInfo.usage = usage;
imageInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
imageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
if (vkCreateImage(device, &imageInfo, nullptr, &image) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image!");
}
VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, image, &memRequirements);
VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(physicalDevice, memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, properties);
if (vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &imageMemory) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate image memory!");
}
vkBindImageMemory(device, image, imageMemory, 0);
}
void VulkanBaseApp::createImageViews()
{
m_swapChainImageViews.resize(m_swapChainImages.size());
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
m_swapChainImageViews[i] = createImageView(m_device, m_swapChainImages[i], m_swapChainFormat, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT);
}
}
void VulkanBaseApp::createRenderPass()
{
VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment = {};
colorAttachment.format = m_swapChainFormat;
colorAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
// Set up the render pass to preserve the contents of the attachment while rendering.
// By doing this the points already rendered are not cleared and thus displays growing number of
// points with time eventhough the number of points rendered per frame is constant
colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
colorAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
colorAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef = {};
colorAttachmentRef.attachment = 0;
colorAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
VkAttachmentDescription depthAttachment = {};
depthAttachment.format = findSupportedFormat(m_physicalDevice,
{ VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT, VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT, VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT },
VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL, VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT);
depthAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
depthAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
depthAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
depthAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
depthAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
depthAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
depthAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
VkAttachmentReference depthAttachmentRef = {};
depthAttachmentRef.attachment = 1;
depthAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef;
subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthAttachmentRef;
VkSubpassDependency dependency = {};
dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
dependency.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
dependency.srcAccessMask = 0;
dependency.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
dependency.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
VkAttachmentDescription attachments[] = { colorAttachment, depthAttachment };
VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = {};
renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = countof(attachments);
renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pDependencies = &dependency;
if (vkCreateRenderPass(m_device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &m_renderPass) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create render pass!");
}
}
void VulkanBaseApp::createDescriptorSetLayout()
{
VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding uboLayoutBinding = {};
uboLayoutBinding.binding = 0;
uboLayoutBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
uboLayoutBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
uboLayoutBinding.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
uboLayoutBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo layoutInfo = {};
layoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
layoutInfo.bindingCount = 1;
layoutInfo.pBindings = &uboLayoutBinding;
if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(m_device, &layoutInfo, nullptr, &m_descriptorSetLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor set layout!");
}
}
VkShaderModule createShaderModule(VkDevice device, const char *filename)
{
std::vector<char> shaderContents;
std::ifstream shaderFile(filename, std::ios_base::in | std::ios_base::binary);
VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo = {};
VkShaderModule shaderModule;
if (!shaderFile.good()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to load shader contents");
}
readFile(shaderFile, shaderContents);
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.codeSize = shaderContents.size();
createInfo.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(shaderContents.data());
if (vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create shader module!");
}
return shaderModule;
}
void VulkanBaseApp::getVertexDescriptions(std::vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription>& bindingDesc, std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription>& attribDesc)
{
}
void VulkanBaseApp::getAssemblyStateInfo(VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo& info)
{
}
void VulkanBaseApp::createGraphicsPipeline()
{
std::vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo> shaderStageInfos(m_shaderFiles.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < m_shaderFiles.size(); i++) {
shaderStageInfos[i] = {};
shaderStageInfos[i].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
shaderStageInfos[i].stage = m_shaderFiles[i].first;
shaderStageInfos[i].module = createShaderModule(m_device, m_shaderFiles[i].second.c_str());
shaderStageInfos[i].pName = "main";
}
VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo = {};
std::vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription> vertexBindingDescriptions;
std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> vertexAttributeDescriptions;
getVertexDescriptions(vertexBindingDescriptions, vertexAttributeDescriptions);
vertexInputInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
vertexInputInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(vertexBindingDescriptions.size());
vertexInputInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = vertexBindingDescriptions.data();
vertexInputInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(vertexAttributeDescriptions.size());
vertexInputInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = vertexAttributeDescriptions.data();
VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly = {};
getAssemblyStateInfo(inputAssembly);
VkViewport viewport = {};
viewport.x = 0.0f;
viewport.y = 0.0f;
viewport.width = (float)m_swapChainExtent.width;
viewport.height = (float)m_swapChainExtent.height;
viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;
VkRect2D scissor = {};
scissor.offset = { 0, 0 };
scissor.extent = m_swapChainExtent;
VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState = {};
viewportState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
viewportState.viewportCount = 1;
viewportState.pViewports = &viewport;
viewportState.scissorCount = 1;
viewportState.pScissors = &scissor;
VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer = {};
rasterizer.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
rasterizer.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
rasterizer.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
rasterizer.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_POINT;
rasterizer.lineWidth = 1.0f;
rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_NONE;
rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
rasterizer.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;
VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling = {};
multisampling.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
multisampling.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
multisampling.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
multisampling.minSampleShading = 1.0f; // Optional
multisampling.pSampleMask = nullptr; // Optional
multisampling.alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE; // Optional
multisampling.alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE; // Optional
VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencil = {};
depthStencil.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
depthStencil.depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE;
depthStencil.depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE;
depthStencil.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS;
depthStencil.depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
depthStencil.stencilTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment = {};
colorBlendAttachment.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_FALSE;