diff --git a/build.xml b/build.xml index 70905d6e46..e27be98cc7 100644 --- a/build.xml +++ b/build.xml @@ -128,6 +128,12 @@ + + + + + + diff --git a/techniques/index.html b/techniques/index.html index 8e3ef55f74..e7b00c0dcd 100644 --- a/techniques/index.html +++ b/techniques/index.html @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Techniques - Techniques for WCAG 2.1 are still under development. + Acknowledgements diff --git a/techniques/toc.html b/techniques/toc.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ca9dfec947 --- /dev/null +++ b/techniques/toc.html @@ -0,0 +1,667 @@ + + ARIA Techniques + + ARIA1: Using the aria-describedby property to provide a descriptive label for user interface + controls + ARIA2: Identifying a required field with the aria-required property + ARIA4: Using a WAI-ARIA role to expose the role of a user interface component + ARIA5: Using WAI-ARIA state and property attributes to expose the state of a user interface + component + ARIA6: Using aria-label to provide labels for objects + ARIA7: Using aria-labelledby for link purpose + ARIA8: Using aria-label for link purpose + ARIA9: Using aria-labelledby to concatenate a label from several text nodes + ARIA10: Using aria-labelledby to provide a text alternative for non-text content + ARIA11: Using ARIA landmarks to identify regions of a page + ARIA12: Using role=heading to identify headings + ARIA13: Using aria-labelledby to name regions and landmarks + ARIA14: Using aria-label to provide an invisible label where a visible label cannot be used + ARIA15: Using aria-describedby to provide descriptions of images + ARIA16: Using aria-labelledby to provide a name for user interface controls + ARIA17: Using grouping roles to identify related form controls + ARIA18: Using aria-alertdialog to Identify Errors + ARIA19: Using ARIA role=alert or Live Regions to Identify Errors + ARIA20: Using the region role to identify a region of the page + ARIA21: Using Aria-Invalid to Indicate An Error Field + + + Client-Side Script Techniques + + SCR1: Allowing the user to extend the default time limit + SCR2: Using redundant keyboard and mouse event handlers + SCR14: Using scripts to make nonessential alerts optional + SCR16: Providing a script that warns the user a time limit is about to expire + SCR18: Providing client-side validation and alert + SCR19: Using an onchange event on a select element without causing a change of context + SCR20: Using both keyboard and other device-specific functions + SCR21: Using functions of the Document Object Model (DOM) to add content to a page + SCR22: Using scripts to control blinking and stop it in five seconds or less + SCR24: Using progressive enhancement to open new windows on user request + SCR26: Inserting dynamic content into the Document Object Model immediately following its + trigger element + SCR27: Reordering page sections using the Document Object Model + SCR28: Using an expandable and collapsible menu to bypass block of content + SCR29: Adding keyboard-accessible actions to static HTML elements + SCR30: Using scripts to change the link text + SCR31: Using script to change the background color or border of the element with focus + SCR32: Providing client-side validation and adding error text via the DOM + SCR33: Using script to scroll content, and providing a mechanism to pause it + SCR34: Calculating size and position in a way that scales with text size + SCR35: Making actions keyboard accessible by using the onclick event of anchors and buttons + SCR36: Providing a mechanism to allow users to display moving, scrolling, or auto-updating + text in a static window or area + SCR37: Creating Custom Dialogs in a Device Independent Way + SCR38: Creating a conforming alternate version for a web page designed with progressive enhancement + + + CSS Techniques + + C6: Positioning content based on structural markup + C7: Using CSS to hide a portion of the link text + C8: Using CSS letter-spacing to control spacing within a word + C9: Using CSS to include decorative images + C12: Using percent for font sizes + C13: Using named font sizes + C14: Using em units for font sizes + C15: Using CSS to change the presentation of a user interface component when it receives + focus + C17: Scaling form elements which contain text + C18: Using CSS margin and padding rules instead of spacer images for layout design + C19: Specifying alignment either to the left OR right in CSS + C20: Using relative measurements to set column widths so that lines can average 80 characters + or less when the browser is resized + C21: Specifying line spacing in CSS + C22: Using CSS to control visual presentation of text + C23: Specifying text and background colors of secondary content such as banners, features + and navigation in CSS while not specifying text and background colors of the main + content + C24: Using percentage values in CSS for container sizes + C25: Specifying borders and layout in CSS to delineate areas of a Web page while not specifying + text and text-background colors + C27: Making the DOM order match the visual order + C28: Specifying the size of text containers using em units + C29: Using a style switcher to provide a conforming alternate version + C30: Using CSS to replace text with images of text and providing user interface controls + to switch + + + Common Failures + + F1: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to changing the meaning of content by positioning + information with CSS + F2: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using changes in text presentation to convey + information without using the appropriate markup or text + F3: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to using CSS to include images that convey + important information + F4: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to using text-decoration:blink without a mechanism + to stop it in less than five seconds + F7: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to an object or applet, such as Java or Flash, + for more than five seconds + F8: Failure of Success Criterion 1.2.2 due to captions omitting some dialogue or important + sound effects + F9: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.5 due to changing the context when the user removes + focus from a form element + F10: Failure of Success Criterion 2.1.2 and Conformance Requirement 5 due to combining + multiple content formats in a way that traps users inside one format type + F12: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.5 due to having a session time limit without a mechanism + re-authentication + F13: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 1.4.1 due to having a text alternative that + does not include information that is conveyed by color differences in the image + F14: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.3 due to identifying content only by its shape or + location + F15: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to implementing custom controls that do not + use an accessibility API for the technology, or do so incompletely + F16: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to including scrolling content where movement + is not essential to the activity without also including a mechanism to pause and restart + the content + F19: Failure of Conformance Requirement 1 due to not providing a method for the user to + find the alternative conforming version of a non-conforming Web page + F20: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 4.1.2 due to not updating text alternatives + when changes to non-text content occur + F22: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.5 due to opening windows that are not requested by + the user + F23: Failure of 1.4.2 due to playing a sound longer than 3 seconds where + there is no mechanism to turn it off + F24: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.3, 1.4.6 and 1.4.8 due to specifying foreground colors + without specifying background colors or vice versa + F25: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.2 due to the title of a Web page not identifying + the contents + F26: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.3 due to using a graphical symbol alone to convey + information + F30: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 1.2.1 due to using text alternatives that are + not alternatives (e.g., filenames or placeholder text) + F31: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.4 due to using two different labels for the same + function on different Web pages within a set of Web pages + F32: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to control + spacing within a word + F33: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to + create multiple columns in plain text content + F34: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to + format tables in plain text content + F36: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.2 due to automatically submitting a form and given + a value + F37: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.2 due to launching a new window without prior warning + when the selection of a radio button, check box or select list is changed + F38: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to not marking up decorative images in HTML + in a way that allows assistive technology to ignore them + F39: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to providing a text alternative that is not + null (e.g., alt="spacer" or alt="image") for images that should be ignored by assistive + technology + F40: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1 and 2.2.4 due to using meta redirect with a time + limit + F41: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1, 2.2.4, and 3.2.5 due to using meta refresh to + reload the page + F42: Failure of Success Criteria 1.3.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.3, or 4.1.2 when emulating links + F43: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using structural markup in a way that does + not represent relationships in the content + F44: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.3 due to using tabindex to create a tab order that + does not preserve meaning and operability + F46: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using th elements, layout tables + F47: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to using the blink element + F48: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using the pre element to markup tabular + information + F49: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to using an HTML layout table that does not + make sense when linearized + F50: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to a script that causes a blink effect without + a mechanism to stop the blinking at 5 seconds or less + F52: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.1 and 3.2.5 due to opening a new window as soon as + a new page is loaded + F54: Failure of Success Criterion 2.1.1 due to using only pointing-device-specific event + handlers (including gesture) for a function + F55: Failure of Success Criteria 2.1.1, 2.4.7, and 3.2.1 due to using script to remove + focus when focus is received + F58: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1 due to using server-side techniques to automatically + redirect pages after a time-out + F59: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to using script to make div or span a user + interface control in HTML without providing a role for the control + F60: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.5 due to launching a new window when a user enters + text into an input field + F61: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.5 due to complete change of main content through + an automatic update that the user cannot disable from within the content + F63: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.4 due to providing link context only in content that + is not related to the link + F65: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to omitting the alt attribute or text alternative + on img elements, area elements, and input elements of type "image" + F66: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.3 due to presenting navigation links in a different + relative order on different pages + F67: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 1.2.1 due to providing long descriptions for + non-text content that does not serve the same purpose or does not present the same + information + F68: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to a user interface control not having a programmatically + determined name + F69: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.4 when resizing visually rendered text up to 200 + percent causes the text, image or controls to be clipped, truncated or obscured + F70: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.1 due to incorrect use of start and end tags or attribute + markup + F71: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to using text look-alikes to represent text + without providing a text alternative + F72: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to using ASCII art without providing a text + alternative + F73: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.1 due to creating links that are not visually evident + without color vision + F74: Failure of Success Criterion 1.2.2 and 1.2.8 due to not labeling a synchronized media + alternative to text as an alternative + F75: Failure of Success Criterion 1.2.2 by providing synchronized media without captions + when the synchronized media presents more information than is presented on the page + F77: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.1 due to duplicate values of type ID + F78: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.7 due to styling element outlines and borders in + a way that removes or renders non-visible the visual focus indicator + F79: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to the focus state of a user interface component + not being programmatically determinable or no notification of change of focus state + available + F80: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.4 when text-based form controls do not resize when + visually rendered text is resized up to 200% + F81: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.1 due to identifying required or error fields using + color differences only + F82: Failure of Success Criterion 3.3.2 by visually formatting a set of phone number fields + but not including a text label + F83: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.3 and 1.4.6 due to using background images that do + not provide sufficient contrast with foreground text (or images of text) + F84: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.9 due to using a non-specific link such as "click + here" or "more" without a mechanism to change the link text to specific text. + F85: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.3 due to using dialogs or menus that are not adjacent + to their trigger control in the sequential navigation order + F86: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to not providing names for each part of a multi-part + form field, such as a US telephone number + F87: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to inserting non-decorative content by using + :before and :after pseudo-elements and the 'content' property in CSS + F88: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.8 due to using text that is justified (aligned to + both the left and the right margins) + F89: Failure of Success Criteria 2.4.4, 2.4.9 and 4.1.2 due to not providing an accessible + name for an image which is the only content in a link + F90: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 for incorrectly associating table headers and content + via the headers and id attributes + F91: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 for not correctly marking up table headers + F92: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to the use of role presentation on content + which conveys semantic information + F93: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.2 for absence of a way to pause or stop an HTML5 + media element that autoplays + + + Flash Techniques + + FLASH1: Setting the name property for a non-text object + FLASH2: Setting the description property for a non-text object in Flash + FLASH3: Marking objects in Flash so that they can be ignored by AT + FLASH4: Providing submit buttons in Flash + FLASH5: Combining adjacent image and text buttons for the same resource + FLASH6: Creating accessible hotspots using invisible buttons + FLASH7: Using scripting to change control labels + FLASH8: Adding a group name to the accessible name of a form control + FLASH9: Applying captions to prerecorded synchronized media + FLASH10: Indicating required form controls in Flash + FLASH11: Providing a longer text description of an object + FLASH12: Providing client-side validation and adding error text via the accessible description + FLASH13: Using HTML language attributes to specify language in Flash content + FLASH14: Using redundant keyboard and mouse event handlers in Flash + FLASH15: Using the tabIndex property to specify a logical reading order and a logical tab order + in Flash + FLASH16: Making actions keyboard accessible by using the click event on standard components + FLASH17: Providing keyboard access to a Flash object and avoiding a keyboard trap + FLASH18: Providing a control to turn off sounds that play automatically in Flash + FLASH19: Providing a script that warns the user a time limit is about to expire and provides + a way to extend it + FLASH20: Reskinning Flash components to provide highly visible focus indication + FLASH21: Using the DataGrid component to associate column headers with cells + FLASH22: Adding keyboard-accessible actions to static elements + FLASH23: Adding summary information to a DataGrid + FLASH24: Allowing the user to extend the default time limit + FLASH25: Labeling a form control by setting its accessible name + FLASH26: Applying audio descriptions to Flash video + FLASH27: Providing button labels that describe the purpose of a button + FLASH28: Providing text alternatives for ASCII art, emoticons, and leetspeak in Flash + FLASH29: Setting the label property for form components + FLASH30: Specifying accessible names for image buttons + FLASH31: Specifying caption text for a DataGrid + FLASH32: Using auto labeling to associate text labels with form controls + FLASH33: Using relative values for Flash object dimensions + FLASH34: Turning off sounds that play automatically when an assistive technology is detected + FLASH35: Using script to scroll Flash content, and providing a mechanism to pause it + FLASH36: Using scripts to control blinking and stop it in five seconds or less + + + General Techniques + + G1: Adding a link at the top of each page that goes directly to the main content area + G4: Allowing the content to be paused and restarted from where it was paused + G5: Allowing users to complete an activity without any time limit + G8: Providing a movie with extended audio descriptions + G9: Creating captions for live synchronized media + G10: Creating components using a technology that supports the accessibility notification + of changes + G11: Creating content that blinks for less than 5 seconds + G13: Describing what will happen before a change to a form control that causes a change + of context to occur is made + G14: Ensuring that information conveyed by color differences is also available in text + G15: Using a tool to ensure that content does not violate the general flash threshold or + red flash threshold + G17: Ensuring that a contrast ratio of at least 7:1 exists between text (and images of + text) and background behind the text + G18: Ensuring that a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 exists between text (and images of + text) and background behind the text + G19: Ensuring that no component of the content flashes more than three times in any 1-second + period + G21: Ensuring that users are not trapped in content + G53: Identifying the purpose of a link using link text combined with the text of the enclosing + sentence + G54: Including a sign language interpreter in the video stream + G55: Linking to definitions + G56: Mixing audio files so that non-speech sounds are at least 20 decibels lower than the + speech audio content + G57: Ordering the content in a meaningful sequence + G58: Placing a link to the alternative for time-based media immediately next to the non-text + content + G59: Placing the interactive elements in an order that follows sequences and relationships + within the content + G60: Playing a sound that turns off automatically within three seconds + G61: Presenting repeated components in the same relative order each time they appear + G62: Providing a glossary + G63: Providing a site map + G64: Providing a Table of Contents + G65: Providing a breadcrumb trail + G68: Providing a short text alternative that describes the purpose of live audio-only and + live video-only content + G69: Providing an alternative for time based media + G70: Providing a function to search an online dictionary + G71: Providing a help link on every Web page + G73: Providing a long description in another location with a link to it that is immediately + adjacent to the non-text content + G74: Providing a long description in text near the non-text content, with a reference to + the location of the long description in the short description + G75: Providing a mechanism to postpone any updating of content + G76: Providing a mechanism to request an update of the content instead of updating automatically + G78: Providing a second, user-selectable, audio track that includes audio descriptions + G79: Providing a spoken version of the text + G80: Providing a submit button to initiate a change of context + G81: Providing a synchronized video of the sign language interpreter that can be displayed + in a different viewport or overlaid on the image by the player + G82: Providing a text alternative that identifies the purpose of the non-text content + G83: Providing text descriptions to identify required fields that were not completed + G84: Providing a text description when the user provides information that is not in the + list of allowed values + G85: Providing a text description when user input falls outside the required format or + values + G86: Providing a text summary that can be understood by people with lower secondary education + level reading ability + G87: Providing closed captions + G88: Providing descriptive titles for Web pages + G89: Providing expected data format and example + G90: Providing keyboard-triggered event handlers + G91: Providing link text that describes the purpose of a link + G92: Providing long description for non-text content that serves the same purpose and presents + the same information + G93: Providing open (always visible) captions + G94: Providing short text alternative for non-text content that serves the same purpose + and presents the same information as the non-text content + G95: Providing short text alternatives that provide a brief description of the non-text + content + G96: Providing textual identification of items that otherwise rely only on sensory information + to be understood + G97: Providing the first use of an abbreviation immediately before or after the expanded + form + G98: Providing the ability for the user to review and correct answers before submitting + G99: Providing the ability to recover deleted information + G100: Providing a short text alternative which is the accepted name or a descriptive name + of the non-text content + G101: Providing the definition of a word or phrase used in an unusual or restricted way + G102: Providing the expansion or explanation of an abbreviation + G103: Providing visual illustrations, pictures, and symbols to help explain ideas, events, + and processes + G105: Saving data so that it can be used after a user re-authenticates + G107: Using "activate" rather than "focus" as a trigger for changes of context + G108: Using markup features to expose the name and role, allow user-settable properties + to be directly set, and provide notification of changes + G110: Using an instant client-side redirect + G111: Using color and pattern + G112: Using inline definitions + G115: Using semantic elements to mark up structure + G117: Using text to convey information that is conveyed by variations in presentation of + text + G120: Providing the pronunciation immediately following the word + G121: Linking to pronunciations + G123: Adding a link at the beginning of a block of repeated content to go to the end of + the block + G124: Adding links at the top of the page to each area of the content + G125: Providing links to navigate to related Web pages + G126: Providing a list of links to all other Web pages + G127: Identifying a Web page's relationship to a larger collection of Web pages + G128: Indicating current location within navigation bars + G130: Providing descriptive headings + G131: Providing descriptive labels + G133: Providing a checkbox on the first page of a multipart form that allows users to ask + for longer session time limit or no session time limit + G134: Validating Web pages + G135: Using the accessibility API features of a technology to expose names and notification + of changes + G136: Providing a link at the beginning of a nonconforming Web page that points to a conforming + alternate version + G138: Using semantic markup whenever color cues are used + G139: Creating a mechanism that allows users to jump to errors + G140: Separating information and structure from presentation to enable different presentations + G141: Organizing a page using headings + G142: Using a technology that has commonly-available user agents that support zoom + G143: Providing a text alternative that describes the purpose of the CAPTCHA + G144: Ensuring that the Web Page contains another CAPTCHA serving the same purpose using + a different modality + G145: Ensuring that a contrast ratio of at least 3:1 exists between text (and images of + text) and background behind the text + G146: Using liquid layout + G148: Not specifying background color, not specifying text color, and not using technology + features that change those defaults + G149: Using user interface components that are highlighted by the user agent when they receive + focus + G150: Providing text based alternatives for live audio-only content + G151: Providing a link to a text transcript of a prepared statement or script if the script + is followed + G152: Setting animated gif images to stop blinking after n cycles (within 5 seconds) + G153: Making the text easier to read + G155: Providing a checkbox in addition to a submit button + G156: Using a technology that has commonly-available user agents that can change the foreground + and background of blocks of text + G157: Incorporating a live audio captioning service into a Web page + G158: Providing an alternative for time-based media for audio-only content + G159: Providing an alternative for time-based media for video-only content + G160: Providing sign language versions of information, ideas, and processes that must be + understood in order to use the content + G161: Providing a search function to help users find content + G162: Positioning labels to maximize predictability of relationships + G163: Using standard diacritical marks that can be turned off + G164: Providing a stated time within which an online request (or transaction) may be amended + or canceled by the user after making the request + G165: Using the default focus indicator for the platform so that high visibility default + focus indicators will carry over + G166: Providing audio that describes the important video content and describing it as such + G167: Using an adjacent button to label the purpose of a field + G168: Requesting confirmation to continue with selected action + G169: Aligning text on only one side + G170: Providing a control near the beginning of the Web page that turns off sounds that + play automatically + G171: Playing sounds only on user request + G172: Providing a mechanism to remove full justification of text + G173: Providing a version of a movie with audio descriptions + G174: Providing a control with a sufficient contrast ratio that allows users to switch to + a presentation that uses sufficient contrast + G175: Providing a multi color selection tool on the page for foreground and background colors + G176: Keeping the flashing area small enough + G177: Providing suggested correction text + G178: Providing controls on the Web page that allow users to incrementally change the size + of all text on the page up to 200 percent + G179: Ensuring that there is no loss of content or functionality when the text resizes and + text containers do not change their width + G180: Providing the user with a means to set the time limit to 10 times the default time + limit + G181: Encoding user data as hidden or encrypted data in a re-authorization page + G182: Ensuring that additional visual cues are available when text color differences are + used to convey information + G183: Using a contrast ratio of 3:1 with surrounding text and providing additional visual + cues on focus for links or controls where color alone is used to identify them + G184: Providing text instructions at the beginning of a form or set of fields that describes + the necessary input + G185: Linking to all of the pages on the site from the home page + G186: Using a control in the Web page that stops moving, blinking, or auto-updating content + G187: Using a technology to include blinking content that can be turned off via the user + agent + G188: Providing a button on the page to increase line spaces and paragraph spaces + G189: Providing a control near the beginning of the Web page that changes the link text + G190: Providing a link adjacent to or associated with a non-conforming object that links + to a conforming alternate version + G191: Providing a link, button, or other mechanism that reloads the page without any blinking + content + G192: Fully conforming to specifications + G193: Providing help by an assistant in the Web page + G194: Providing spell checking and suggestions for text input + G195: Using an author-supplied, highly visible focus indicator + G196: Using a text alternative on one item within a group of images that describes all items + in the group + G197: Using labels, names, and text alternatives consistently for content that has the same + functionality + G198: Providing a way for the user to turn the time limit off + G199: Providing success feedback when data is submitted successfully + G200: Opening new windows and tabs from a link only when necessary + G201: Giving users advanced warning when opening a new window + G202: Ensuring keyboard control for all functionality + G203: Using a static text alternative to describe a talking head video + G204: Not interfering with the user agent's reflow of text as the viewing window is narrowed + G205: Including a text cue for colored form control labels + G206: Providing options within the content to switch to a layout that does not require the + user to scroll horizontally to read a line of text + + + HTML Techniques + + H2: Combining adjacent image and text links for the same resource + H4: Creating a logical tab order through links, form controls, and objects + H24: Providing text alternatives for the area elements of image maps + H25: Providing a title using the title element + H28: Providing definitions for abbreviations by using the abbr element + H30: Providing link text that describes the purpose of a link for anchor elements + H32: Providing submit buttons + H33: Supplementing link text with the title attribute + H34: Using a Unicode right-to-left mark (RLM) or left-to-right mark (LRM) to mix text direction + inline + H35: Providing text alternatives on applet elements + H36: Using alt attributes on images used as submit buttons + H37: Using alt attributes on img elements + H39: Using caption elements to associate data table captions with data tables + H40: Using description lists + H42: Using h1-h6 to identify headings + H43: Using id and headers attributes to associate data cells with header cells in data + tables + H44: Using label elements to associate text labels with form controls + H45: Using longdesc + H46: Using noembed with embed + H48: Using ol, ul and dl for lists or groups of links + H49: Using semantic markup to mark emphasized or special text + H51: Using table markup to present tabular information + H53: Using the body of the object element + H54: Using the dfn element to identify the defining instance of a word + H56: Using the dir attribute on an inline element to resolve problems with nested directional + runs + H57: Using language attributes on the html element + H58: Using language attributes to identify changes in the human language + H59: Using the link element and navigation tools + H60: Using the link element to link to a glossary + H62: Using the ruby element + H63: Using the scope attribute to associate header cells and data cells in data tables + H64: Using the title attribute of the frame and iframe elements + H65: Using the title attribute to identify form controls when the label element cannot + be used + H67: Using null alt text and no title attribute on img elements for images that AT should + ignore + H69: Providing heading elements at the beginning of each section of content + H70: Using frame elements to group blocks of repeated material + H71: Providing a description for groups of form controls using fieldset and legend elements + + H73: Using the summary attribute of the table element to give an overview of data tables + H74: Ensuring that opening and closing tags are used according to specification + H75: Ensuring that Web pages are well-formed + H76: Using meta refresh to create an instant client-side redirect + H77: Identifying the purpose of a link using link text combined with its enclosing list + item + H78: Identifying the purpose of a link using link text combined with its enclosing paragraph + H79: Identifying the purpose of a link in a data table using the link text combined with + its enclosing table cell and associated table header cells + H80: Identifying the purpose of a link using link text combined with the preceding heading + element + H81: Identifying the purpose of a link in a nested list using link text combined with the + parent list item under which the list is nested + H83: Using the target attribute to open a new window on user request and indicating this + in link text + H84: Using a button with a select element to perform an action + H85: Using OPTGROUP to group OPTION elements inside a SELECT + H86: Providing text alternatives for ASCII art, emoticons, and leetspeak + H88: Using HTML according to spec + H89: Using the title attribute to provide context-sensitive help + H90: Indicating required form controls using label or legend + H91: Using HTML form controls and links + H93: Ensuring that id attributes are unique on a Web page + H94: Ensuring that elements do not contain duplicate attributes + H95: Using the track element to provide captions + H96: Using the track element to provide audio descriptions + H97: Grouping related links using the nav element + + + PDF Techniques + + PDF1: Applying text alternatives to images with the Alt entry in PDF documents + PDF2: Creating bookmarks in PDF documents + PDF3: Ensuring correct tab and reading order in PDF documents + PDF4: Hiding decorative images with the Artifact tag in PDF documents + PDF5: Indicating required form controls in PDF forms + PDF6: Using table elements for table markup in PDF Documents + PDF7: Performing OCR on a scanned PDF document to provide actual text + PDF8: Providing definitions for abbreviations via an E entry for a structure element + PDF9: Providing headings by marking content with heading tags in PDF documents + PDF10: Providing labels for interactive form controls in PDF documents + PDF11: Providing links and link text using the Link annotation and the /Link structure element + in PDF documents + PDF12: Providing name, role, value information for form fields in PDF documents + PDF13: Providing replacement text using the /Alt entry for links in PDF documents + PDF14: Providing running headers and footers in PDF documents + PDF15: Providing submit buttons with the submit-form action in PDF forms + PDF16: Setting the default language using the /Lang entry in the document catalog of a PDF + document + PDF17: Specifying consistent page numbering for PDF documents + PDF18: Specifying the document title using the Title entry in the document information dictionary + of a PDF document + PDF19: Specifying the language for a passage or phrase with the Lang entry in PDF documents + PDF20: Using Adobe Acrobat Pro's Table Editor to repair mistagged tables + PDF21: Using List tags for lists in PDF documents + PDF22: Indicating when user input falls outside the required format or values in PDF forms + PDF23: Providing interactive form controls in PDF documents + + + Server-Side Script Techniques + + SVR1: Implementing automatic redirects on the server side instead of on the client side + SVR2: Using .htaccess to ensure that the only way to access non-conforming content is from + conforming content + SVR3: Using HTTP referer to ensure that the only way to access non-conforming content is + from conforming content + SVR4: Allowing users to provide preferences for the display of conforming alternate versions + SVR5: Specifying the default language in the HTTP header + + + Silverlight Techniques + + SL1: Accessing Alternate Audio Tracks in Silverlight Media + SL2: Changing The Visual Focus Indicator in Silverlight + SL3: Controlling Silverlight MediaElement Audio Volume + SL4: Declaring Discrete Silverlight Objects to Specify Language Parts in the HTML DOM + SL5: Defining a Focusable Image Class for Silverlight + SL6: Defining a UI Automation Peer for a Custom Silverlight Control + SL7: Designing a Focused Visual State for Custom Silverlight Controls + SL8: Displaying HelpText in Silverlight User Interfaces + SL9: Handling Key Events to Enable Keyboard Functionality in Silverlight + SL10: Implementing a Submit-Form Pattern in Silverlight + SL11: Pausing or Stopping A Decorative Silverlight Animation + SL12: Pausing, Stopping, or Playing Media in Silverlight MediaElements + SL13: Providing A Style Switcher To Switch To High Contrast + SL14: Providing Custom Control Key Handling for Keyboard Functionality in Silverlight + SL15: Providing Keyboard Shortcuts that Work Across the Entire Silverlight Application + SL16: Providing Script-Embedded Text Captions for MediaElement Content + SL17: Providing Static Alternative Content for Silverlight Media Playing in a MediaElement + SL18: Providing Text Equivalent for Nontext Silverlight Controls With AutomationProperties.Name + SL19: Providing User Instructions With AutomationProperties.HelpText in Silverlight + SL20: Relying on Silverlight AutomationPeer Behavior to Set AutomationProperties.Name + SL21: Replacing A Silverlight Timed Animation With a Nonanimated Element + SL22: Supporting Browser Zoom in Silverlight + SL23: Using A Style Switcher to Increase Font Size of Silverlight Text Elements + SL24: Using AutoPlay to Keep Silverlight Media from Playing Automatically + SL25: Using Controls and Programmatic Focus to Bypass Blocks of Content in Silverlight + SL26: Using LabeledBy to Associate Labels and Targets in Silverlight + SL27: Using Language/Culture Properties as Exposed by Silverlight Applications and Assistive + Technologies + SL28: Using Separate Text-Format Text Captions for MediaElement Content + SL29: Using Silverlight "List" Controls to Define Blocks that can be Bypassed + SL30: Using Silverlight Control Compositing and AutomationProperties.Name + SL31: Using Silverlight Font Properties to Control Text Presentation + SL32: Using Silverlight Text Elements for Appropriate Accessibility Role + SL33: Using Well-Formed XAML to Define a Silverlight User Interface + SL34: Using the Silverlight Default Tab Sequence and Altering Tab Sequences With Properties + SL35: Using the Validation and ValidationSummary APIs to Implement Client Side Forms Validation + in Silverlight + + + SMIL Techniques + + SM1: Adding extended audio description in SMIL 1.0 + SM2: Adding extended audio description in SMIL 2.0 + SM6: Providing audio description in SMIL 1.0 + SM7: Providing audio description in SMIL 2.0 + SM11: Providing captions through synchronized text streams in SMIL 1.0 + SM12: Providing captions through synchronized text streams in SMIL 2.0 + SM13: Providing sign language interpretation through synchronized video streams in SMIL + 1.0 + SM14: Providing sign language interpretation through synchronized video streams in SMIL + 2.0 + + + Plain-Text Techniques + + T1: Using standard text formatting conventions for paragraphs + T2: Using standard text formatting conventions for lists + T3: Using standard text formatting conventions for headings + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/xslt/base.xslt b/xslt/base.xslt index 860e8f2db1..96742ef369 100644 --- a/xslt/base.xslt +++ b/xslt/base.xslt @@ -24,5 +24,13 @@ + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/xslt/generate-techniques-toc.xslt b/xslt/generate-techniques-toc.xslt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..41206e7186 --- /dev/null +++ b/xslt/generate-techniques-toc.xslt @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ARIA Techniques + Client-Side Script Techniques + CSS Techniques + Common Failures + Flash Techniques + General Techniques + HTML Techniques + PDF Techniques + Server-Side Script Techniques + Silverlight Techniques + SMIL Techniques + Plain-Text Techniques + + + + + + + + + + + + : + + + + \ No newline at end of file
Techniques for WCAG 2.1 are still under development.
Acknowledgements