From b35a522d28628ab0fd1b4a978358f898096d8aee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark McCaskey <mark@wasmer.io>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2019 15:01:18 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] Add method to call function at index on Ctx

---
 lib/runtime-core/src/instance.rs |  2 +-
 lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs       | 25 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/runtime-core/src/instance.rs b/lib/runtime-core/src/instance.rs
index e6ba365f6ef..97b2d362927 100644
--- a/lib/runtime-core/src/instance.rs
+++ b/lib/runtime-core/src/instance.rs
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ impl LikeNamespace for Rc<Instance> {
 }
 
 #[must_use]
-fn call_func_with_index(
+pub(crate) fn call_func_with_index(
     info: &ModuleInfo,
     runnable: &dyn RunnableModule,
     import_backing: &ImportBacking,
diff --git a/lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs b/lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs
index 51f883318d1..7c811e36ecf 100644
--- a/lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs
+++ b/lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 pub use crate::backing::{ImportBacking, LocalBacking, INTERNALS_SIZE};
 use crate::{
+    error::{CallError, CallResult, RuntimeError},
+    instance::call_func_with_index,
     memory::{Memory, MemoryType},
     module::{ModuleInfo, ModuleInner},
     structures::TypedIndex,
-    types::{LocalOrImport, MemoryIndex},
+    types::{FuncIndex, LocalOrImport, MemoryIndex, Value},
     vmcalls,
 };
 use std::{
@@ -393,6 +395,27 @@ impl Ctx {
             (*self.internal.internals)[field.index()] = value;
         }
     }
+
+    /// Calls a host or Wasm function at the given index
+    pub fn call_with_index(&mut self, index: FuncIndex, args: &[Value]) -> CallResult<Vec<Value>> {
+        let module = unsafe { &(*self.module) };
+        if module.info.func_assoc.get(index).is_none() {
+            return Err(CallError::Runtime(RuntimeError::Trap {
+                msg: format!("Index out of bounds: {}", index.index()).into_boxed_str(),
+            }));
+        }
+        let mut output = vec![];
+        call_func_with_index(
+            &module.info,
+            module.runnable_module.as_ref(),
+            unsafe { &*self.import_backing },
+            self as *mut Ctx,
+            index,
+            args,
+            &mut output,
+        )?;
+        Ok(output)
+    }
 }
 
 #[doc(hidden)]

From 5741a2cf7004afa3e341c49294d374254495ada9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark McCaskey <mark@wasmer.io>
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2019 16:06:46 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] Implement function lookups using the table

---
 lib/runtime-core/src/instance.rs      | 56 +++++++++++++++++----------
 lib/runtime-core/src/table/anyfunc.rs |  2 +-
 lib/runtime-core/src/table/mod.rs     |  3 +-
 lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs            | 54 ++++++++++++++++----------
 4 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/runtime-core/src/instance.rs b/lib/runtime-core/src/instance.rs
index 97b2d362927..f1ce0a19376 100644
--- a/lib/runtime-core/src/instance.rs
+++ b/lib/runtime-core/src/instance.rs
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ impl LikeNamespace for Rc<Instance> {
 }
 
 #[must_use]
-pub(crate) fn call_func_with_index(
+fn call_func_with_index(
     info: &ModuleInfo,
     runnable: &dyn RunnableModule,
     import_backing: &ImportBacking,
@@ -527,29 +527,12 @@ pub(crate) fn call_func_with_index(
     args: &[Value],
     rets: &mut Vec<Value>,
 ) -> CallResult<()> {
-    rets.clear();
-
     let sig_index = *info
         .func_assoc
         .get(func_index)
         .expect("broken invariant, incorrect func index");
 
     let signature = &info.signatures[sig_index];
-    let num_results = signature.returns().len();
-    let num_results = num_results
-        + signature
-            .returns()
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|&&ty| ty == Type::V128)
-            .count();
-    rets.reserve(num_results);
-
-    if !signature.check_param_value_types(args) {
-        Err(ResolveError::Signature {
-            expected: signature.clone(),
-            found: args.iter().map(|val| val.ty()).collect(),
-        })?
-    }
 
     let func_ptr = match func_index.local_or_import(info) {
         LocalOrImport::Local(local_func_index) => {
@@ -567,6 +550,39 @@ pub(crate) fn call_func_with_index(
         }
     };
 
+    let wasm = runnable
+        .get_trampoline(info, sig_index)
+        .expect("wasm trampoline");
+
+    call_func_with_index_inner(ctx_ptr, func_ptr, signature, wasm, args, rets)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn call_func_with_index_inner(
+    ctx_ptr: *mut vm::Ctx,
+    func_ptr: NonNull<vm::Func>,
+    signature: &FuncSig,
+    wasm: Wasm,
+    args: &[Value],
+    rets: &mut Vec<Value>,
+) -> CallResult<()> {
+    rets.clear();
+
+    let num_results = signature.returns().len();
+    let num_results = num_results
+        + signature
+            .returns()
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|&&ty| ty == Type::V128)
+            .count();
+    rets.reserve(num_results);
+
+    if !signature.check_param_value_types(args) {
+        Err(ResolveError::Signature {
+            expected: signature.clone(),
+            found: args.iter().map(|val| val.ty()).collect(),
+        })?
+    }
+
     let mut raw_args: SmallVec<[u64; 8]> = SmallVec::new();
     for v in args {
         match v {
@@ -598,9 +614,7 @@ pub(crate) fn call_func_with_index(
         trampoline,
         invoke,
         invoke_env,
-    } = runnable
-        .get_trampoline(info, sig_index)
-        .expect("wasm trampoline");
+    } = wasm;
 
     let run_wasm = |result_space: *mut u64| unsafe {
         let mut trap_info = WasmTrapInfo::Unknown;
diff --git a/lib/runtime-core/src/table/anyfunc.rs b/lib/runtime-core/src/table/anyfunc.rs
index 789f67ada2b..8336b502882 100644
--- a/lib/runtime-core/src/table/anyfunc.rs
+++ b/lib/runtime-core/src/table/anyfunc.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl<'a> From<DynFunc<'a>> for Anyfunc<'a> {
 }
 
 pub struct AnyfuncTable {
-    backing: Vec<vm::Anyfunc>,
+    pub backing: Vec<vm::Anyfunc>,
     max: Option<u32>,
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/runtime-core/src/table/mod.rs b/lib/runtime-core/src/table/mod.rs
index 2e11507b1de..8fb32150157 100644
--- a/lib/runtime-core/src/table/mod.rs
+++ b/lib/runtime-core/src/table/mod.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ use std::{cell::RefCell, fmt, ptr, rc::Rc};
 
 mod anyfunc;
 
-pub use self::anyfunc::Anyfunc;
-use self::anyfunc::AnyfuncTable;
+pub use self::anyfunc::{Anyfunc, AnyfuncTable};
 use crate::error::GrowError;
 
 pub enum Element<'a> {
diff --git a/lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs b/lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs
index 7c811e36ecf..a4abc7b0298 100644
--- a/lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs
+++ b/lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 pub use crate::backing::{ImportBacking, LocalBacking, INTERNALS_SIZE};
 use crate::{
-    error::{CallError, CallResult, RuntimeError},
-    instance::call_func_with_index,
+    error::CallResult,
+    instance::call_func_with_index_inner,
     memory::{Memory, MemoryType},
     module::{ModuleInfo, ModuleInner},
+    sig_registry::SigRegistry,
     structures::TypedIndex,
-    types::{FuncIndex, LocalOrImport, MemoryIndex, Value},
+    types::{LocalOrImport, MemoryIndex, TableIndex, Value},
     vmcalls,
 };
 use std::{
     cell::UnsafeCell,
     ffi::c_void,
-    mem, ptr,
+    mem,
+    ptr::{self, NonNull},
     sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering},
     sync::Once,
 };
@@ -397,24 +399,36 @@ impl Ctx {
     }
 
     /// Calls a host or Wasm function at the given index
-    pub fn call_with_index(&mut self, index: FuncIndex, args: &[Value]) -> CallResult<Vec<Value>> {
-        let module = unsafe { &(*self.module) };
-        if module.info.func_assoc.get(index).is_none() {
-            return Err(CallError::Runtime(RuntimeError::Trap {
-                msg: format!("Index out of bounds: {}", index.index()).into_boxed_str(),
-            }));
-        }
-        let mut output = vec![];
-        call_func_with_index(
-            &module.info,
-            module.runnable_module.as_ref(),
-            unsafe { &*self.import_backing },
-            self as *mut Ctx,
-            index,
+    pub fn call_with_index(&mut self, index: TableIndex, args: &[Value]) -> CallResult<Vec<Value>> {
+        let anyfunc_table =
+            unsafe { &*((**self.internal.tables).table as *mut crate::table::AnyfuncTable) };
+        let entry = anyfunc_table.backing[index.index()];
+
+        let fn_ptr = entry.func;
+        let sig_id = entry.sig_id;
+        let signature = SigRegistry.lookup_signature(unsafe { std::mem::transmute(sig_id.0) });
+        let mut rets = vec![];
+
+        let wasm = {
+            let module = unsafe { &*self.module };
+            let runnable = &module.runnable_module;
+
+            let sig_index = SigRegistry.lookup_sig_index(signature.clone());
+            runnable
+                .get_trampoline(&module.info, sig_index)
+                .expect("wasm trampoline")
+        };
+
+        call_func_with_index_inner(
+            self as *mut Ctx, /* doesn't handle all cases */
+            NonNull::new(fn_ptr as *mut _).unwrap(),
+            &signature,
+            wasm,
             args,
-            &mut output,
+            &mut rets,
         )?;
-        Ok(output)
+
+        Ok(rets)
     }
 }
 

From ccd369ff0c4b2510babee32caf81a281c1b3c9c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark McCaskey <mark@wasmer.io>
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2019 16:43:47 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] Add example, rename Ctx fn, make things pub(crate), misc
 changes

---
 .github/pull_request_template.md      |   2 +-
 CHANGELOG.md                          |   2 ++
 Cargo.toml                            |   6 +++-
 examples/callback-guest.rs            |  24 ++++++++++++++
 examples/callback-guest.wasm          | Bin 0 -> 31667 bytes
 examples/callback.rs                  |  46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 lib/runtime-core/src/table/anyfunc.rs |   2 +-
 lib/runtime-core/src/table/mod.rs     |   3 +-
 lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs            |  16 +++++----
 9 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 examples/callback-guest.rs
 create mode 100755 examples/callback-guest.wasm
 create mode 100644 examples/callback.rs

diff --git a/.github/pull_request_template.md b/.github/pull_request_template.md
index 609e0c83f7c..b29669d33b3 100644
--- a/.github/pull_request_template.md
+++ b/.github/pull_request_template.md
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ links to related issues, and the context of the PR.
 
 # Review
 
-- [ ] Create a short description of the the change in the CHANGELOG.md file
+- [ ] Add a short description of the the change to the CHANGELOG.md file
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 4672f8d701b..ed517016d93 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ Blocks of changes will separated by version increments.
 
 ## **[Unreleased]**
 
+- [#803](https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/issues/803) Add method to `Ctx` to invoke functions by their `TableIndex`
+
 ## 0.7.0 - 2019-09-12
 
 Special thanks to @YaronWittenstein @penberg for their contributions.
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 31ba526bd0b..06b2c2854dc 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ members = [
     "lib/wasi-tests",
     "lib/emscripten-tests",
     "lib/middleware-common-tests",
-    "examples/plugin-for-example"
+    "examples/plugin-for-example",
 ]
 
 [build-dependencies]
@@ -105,3 +105,7 @@ managed = ["backend-singlepass", "wasmer-runtime-core/managed"]
 [[example]]
 name = "plugin"
 crate-type = ["bin"]
+
+[[example]]
+name = "callback"
+crate-type = ["bin"]
diff --git a/examples/callback-guest.rs b/examples/callback-guest.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..129ad05c8ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/callback-guest.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+extern "C" {
+    fn call_guest_fn(f: u32) -> u32;
+    fn call_guest_fn2(f: u32) -> u32;
+    fn host_callback() -> u32;
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+fn test_callback() -> u32 {
+    42
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+fn test_callback2() -> u32 {
+    45
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    unsafe { call_guest_fn(test_callback as usize as u32) };
+    unsafe { call_guest_fn(host_callback as usize as u32) };
+    unsafe { call_guest_fn(test_callback2 as usize as u32) };
+    unsafe { call_guest_fn2(test_callback2 as usize as u32) };
+    unsafe { call_guest_fn2(test_callback as usize as u32) };
+    unsafe { call_guest_fn2(host_callback as usize as u32) };
+}
diff --git a/examples/callback-guest.wasm b/examples/callback-guest.wasm
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05558297595555751c3b484fce3f763f1828c182
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diff --git a/examples/callback.rs b/examples/callback.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..732a6a1a43f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/callback.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/// This example demonstrates the use of callbacks: calling functions (Host and Wasm)
+/// passed to us from the Wasm via hostcall
+use wasmer_runtime::{compile_with, compiler_for_backend, func, imports, Backend, Ctx};
+use wasmer_runtime_core::{structures::TypedIndex, types::TableIndex};
+
+static WASM: &'static str = "examples/callback-guest.wasm";
+
+/// This function matches our arbitrarily decided callback signature
+/// in this example we'll only call functions that take no arguments and return one value
+fn host_callback(_ctx: &mut Ctx) -> u32 {
+    55
+}
+
+fn call_guest_fn(ctx: &mut Ctx, guest_fn: u32) -> u32 {
+    // We get a TableIndex from our raw value passed in
+    let guest_fn_typed = TableIndex::new(guest_fn as usize);
+    // and use it to call the corresponding function
+    let result = ctx.call_with_table_index(guest_fn_typed, &[]).unwrap();
+
+    println!("Guest fn {} returned {:?}", guest_fn, result);
+
+    0
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let wasm_bytes =
+        std::fs::read(WASM).expect(&format!("Could not read in WASM plugin at {}", WASM));
+
+    let imports = imports! {
+        "env" => {
+            "call_guest_fn" => func!(call_guest_fn),
+            "call_guest_fn2" => func!(call_guest_fn),
+            "host_callback" => func!(host_callback),
+        },
+    };
+
+    let compiler = compiler_for_backend(Backend::default()).unwrap();
+    let module = compile_with(&wasm_bytes[..], compiler.as_ref()).unwrap();
+    let instance = module
+        .instantiate(&imports)
+        .expect("failed to instantiate wasm module");
+
+    let entry_point = instance.func::<(u32, u32), u32>("main").unwrap();
+
+    entry_point.call(0, 0).expect("START");
+}
diff --git a/lib/runtime-core/src/table/anyfunc.rs b/lib/runtime-core/src/table/anyfunc.rs
index 8336b502882..4a63c8f6249 100644
--- a/lib/runtime-core/src/table/anyfunc.rs
+++ b/lib/runtime-core/src/table/anyfunc.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl<'a> From<DynFunc<'a>> for Anyfunc<'a> {
 }
 
 pub struct AnyfuncTable {
-    pub backing: Vec<vm::Anyfunc>,
+    pub(crate) backing: Vec<vm::Anyfunc>,
     max: Option<u32>,
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/runtime-core/src/table/mod.rs b/lib/runtime-core/src/table/mod.rs
index 8fb32150157..1b61cd75438 100644
--- a/lib/runtime-core/src/table/mod.rs
+++ b/lib/runtime-core/src/table/mod.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ use std::{cell::RefCell, fmt, ptr, rc::Rc};
 
 mod anyfunc;
 
-pub use self::anyfunc::{Anyfunc, AnyfuncTable};
+pub use self::anyfunc::Anyfunc;
+pub(crate) use self::anyfunc::AnyfuncTable;
 use crate::error::GrowError;
 
 pub enum Element<'a> {
diff --git a/lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs b/lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs
index a4abc7b0298..e3084a9c5fa 100644
--- a/lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs
+++ b/lib/runtime-core/src/vm.rs
@@ -398,14 +398,16 @@ impl Ctx {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Calls a host or Wasm function at the given index
-    pub fn call_with_index(&mut self, index: TableIndex, args: &[Value]) -> CallResult<Vec<Value>> {
+    /// Calls a host or Wasm function at the given table index
+    pub fn call_with_table_index(
+        &mut self,
+        index: TableIndex,
+        args: &[Value],
+    ) -> CallResult<Vec<Value>> {
         let anyfunc_table =
             unsafe { &*((**self.internal.tables).table as *mut crate::table::AnyfuncTable) };
-        let entry = anyfunc_table.backing[index.index()];
+        let Anyfunc { func, ctx, sig_id } = anyfunc_table.backing[index.index()];
 
-        let fn_ptr = entry.func;
-        let sig_id = entry.sig_id;
         let signature = SigRegistry.lookup_signature(unsafe { std::mem::transmute(sig_id.0) });
         let mut rets = vec![];
 
@@ -420,8 +422,8 @@ impl Ctx {
         };
 
         call_func_with_index_inner(
-            self as *mut Ctx, /* doesn't handle all cases */
-            NonNull::new(fn_ptr as *mut _).unwrap(),
+            ctx,
+            NonNull::new(func as *mut _).unwrap(),
             &signature,
             wasm,
             args,

From a090bec49081bae2b79d9ce8926333d90153def7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark McCaskey <mark@wasmer.io>
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2019 17:12:48 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] Add examples step in Makefile and add it to
 integration-tests

---
 Makefile | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 007e89853b0..5eb9c9aa23e 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.PHONY: spectests emtests clean build install lint precommit docs
+.PHONY: spectests emtests clean build install lint precommit docs examples
 
 # Generate files
 generate-spectests:
@@ -111,12 +111,16 @@ test: spectests emtests middleware wasitests circleci-clean test-rest
 
 
 # Integration tests
-integration-tests: release-clif
+integration-tests: release-clif examples
 	echo "Running Integration Tests"
 	./integration_tests/lua/test.sh
 	./integration_tests/nginx/test.sh
 	./integration_tests/cowsay/test.sh
 
+examples:
+	cargo run --example plugin
+	cargo run --example callback
+
 
 # Utils
 lint:

From 3b200fa4d3e1f798583c7cdf8f0e81b24d02f686 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark McCaskey <mark@wasmer.io>
Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2019 13:53:07 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] Move callback guest out of direct examples dir

---
 examples/callback-guest/README.md                 |   5 +++++
 examples/{ => callback-guest}/callback-guest.rs   |   0
 examples/{ => callback-guest}/callback-guest.wasm | Bin
 examples/callback.rs                              |   2 +-
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 examples/callback-guest/README.md
 rename examples/{ => callback-guest}/callback-guest.rs (100%)
 rename examples/{ => callback-guest}/callback-guest.wasm (100%)

diff --git a/examples/callback-guest/README.md b/examples/callback-guest/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6439ef00dd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/callback-guest/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Call back guest
+
+This is part of the `callback` example.  This Wasm module passes host imports and its own functions to the Wasm host to execute.
+
+See `examples/callback.rs` for the host
diff --git a/examples/callback-guest.rs b/examples/callback-guest/callback-guest.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from examples/callback-guest.rs
rename to examples/callback-guest/callback-guest.rs
diff --git a/examples/callback-guest.wasm b/examples/callback-guest/callback-guest.wasm
similarity index 100%
rename from examples/callback-guest.wasm
rename to examples/callback-guest/callback-guest.wasm
diff --git a/examples/callback.rs b/examples/callback.rs
index 732a6a1a43f..e5969fec971 100644
--- a/examples/callback.rs
+++ b/examples/callback.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 use wasmer_runtime::{compile_with, compiler_for_backend, func, imports, Backend, Ctx};
 use wasmer_runtime_core::{structures::TypedIndex, types::TableIndex};
 
-static WASM: &'static str = "examples/callback-guest.wasm";
+static WASM: &'static str = "examples/callback-guest/callback-guest.wasm";
 
 /// This function matches our arbitrarily decided callback signature
 /// in this example we'll only call functions that take no arguments and return one value