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The core of the algorithm is implemented in doc-{printer,builders,utils,debug}.js. The printer should use the basic formatting abstractions provided to construct a format when printing a node. Parts of the API only exist to be compatible with recast's previous API to ease migration, but over time we can clean it up.

The following commands are available:

concat

declare function concat(docs: Doc[]): Doc;

Combine an array into a single string.

group

type GroupOpts = {
  shouldBreak?: boolean;
  expandedStates?: Doc[];
};
declare function group(doc: Doc, opts?: GroupOpts): Doc;

Mark a group of items which the printer should try to fit on one line. This is the basic command to tell the printer when to break. Groups are usually nested, and the printer will try to fit everything on one line, but if it doesn't fit it will break the outermost group first and try again. It will continue breaking groups until everything fits (or there are no more groups to break).

A document can force parent groups to break by including breakParent (see below). A hard and literal line automatically include this so they always break parent groups. Breaks are propagated to all parent groups, so if a deeply nested expression has a hard break, everything will break. This only matters for "hard" breaks, i.e. newlines that are printed no matter what and can be statically analyzed.

For example, an array will try to fit on one line:

[1, "foo", { bar: 2 }];

However, if any of the items inside the array have a hard break, the array will always break as well:

[
  1,
  function () {
    return 2;
  },
  3,
];

Functions always break after the opening curly brace no matter what, so the array breaks as well for consistent formatting. See the implementation of ArrayExpression for an example.

conditionalGroup

This should be used as last resort as it triggers an exponential complexity when nested.

type ConditionalGroupOpts = {
  shouldBreak?: boolean;
};
declare function conditionalGroup(
  alternatives: Doc[],
  opts?: ConditionalGroupOpts
): Doc;

This will try to print the first argument, if it fit use it, otherwise go to the next one and so on.

conditionalGroup([a, b, c]);

fill

declare function fill(docs: Doc[]): Doc;

This is an alternative type of group which behaves like text layout: it's going to add a break whenever the next element doesn't fit in the line anymore. The difference with a typical group is that it's not going to break all the separators, just the ones that are at the end of lines.

fill(["I", line, "love", line, "prettier"]);

ifBreak

declare function ifBreak(ifBreak: Doc, noBreak: Doc): Doc;

Prints something if the current group breaks and something else if it doesn't.

ifBreak(";", " ");

breakParent

declare var breakParent: Doc;

Include this anywhere to force all parent groups to break. See group for more info. Example:

group(concat([" ", expr, " ", breakParent]));

join

declare function join(sep: Doc, docs: Doc[]): Doc;

Join an array of items with a separator.

line

declare var line: Doc;

Specify a line break. If an expression fits on one line, the line break will be replaced with a space. Line breaks always indent the next line with the current level of indentation.

softline

declare var softline: Doc;

Specify a line break. The difference from line is that if the expression fits on one line, it will be replaced with nothing.

hardline

declare var hardline: Doc;

Specify a line break that is always included in the output, no matter if the expression fits on one line or not.

literalline

declare var literalline: Doc;

Specify a line break that is always included in the output, and don't indent the next line. This is used for template literals.

lineSuffix

declare function lineSuffix(suffix: Doc): Doc;

This is used to implement trailing comments. In practice, it is not practical to find where the line ends and you don't want to accidentally print some code at the end of the comment. lineSuffix will buffer the output and flush it before any new line.

concat(["a", lineSuffix(" // comment"), ";", hardline]);

will output

a; // comment

lineSuffixBoundary

declare var lineSuffixBoundary: Doc;

In cases where you embed code inside of templates, comments shouldn't be able to leave the code part. lineSuffixBoundary is an explicit marker you can use to flush code in addition to newlines.

concat(["{", lineSuffix(" // comment"), lineSuffixBoundary, "}", hardline]);

will output

{ // comment
}

and not

{} // comment

indent

declare function indent(doc: Doc): Doc;

Increase the level of indentation.

dedent

declare function dedent(doc: Doc): Doc;

Decrease the level of indentation. (Each align is considered one level of indentation.)

align

declare function align(n: number | string, doc: Doc): Doc;

This is similar to indent but it increases the level of indentation by a fixed number or a string. Trailing alignments in indentation are still spaces, but middle ones are transformed into one tab per align when useTabs enabled. If it's using in a whitespace-sensitive language, e.g. markdown, you should use n with string value to force print it.

For example:

  • useTabs
    • tabWidth: 2
      • <indent><align 2><indent><align 2> -> <tab><tab><tab><2 space>
      • <indent><align 4><indent><align 2> -> <tab><tab><tab><2 space>
    • tabWidth: 4
      • <indent><align 2><indent><align 2> -> <tab><tab><tab><2 space>
      • <indent><align 4><indent><align 2> -> <tab><tab><tab><2 space>

markAsRoot

declare function markAsRoot(doc: Doc): Doc;

This marks the current indentation as root for dedentToRoot and literallines.

dedentToRoot

declare function dedentToRoot(doc: Doc): Doc;

This will dedent the current indentation to the root marked by markAsRoot.

trim

declare var trim: Doc;

This will trim any whitespace or tab character on the current line. This is used for preprocessor directives.

cursor

declare var cursor: Doc;

This is a placeholder value where the cursor is in the original input in order to find where it would be printed.

Example

For an example, here's the implementation of the ArrayExpression node type:

group(
  concat([
    "[",
    indent(
      concat([
        line,
        join(
          concat([",", line]),
          path.map(print, "elements")
        )
      ])
    ),
    line,
    "]"
  ])
);

This is a group with opening and closing brackets, and possibly indented contents. Because it's a group it will always be broken up if any of the sub-expressions are broken.