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Assembler.c
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Assembler.c
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#include "Assembler.h"
void assemble(char *asmFile, char *objFile) {
printf("Assembler:asmFile=%s objFile=%s\n", asmFile,objFile);
printf("===============Assemble=============\n");
char *text = newFileStr(asmFile); // 讀取檔案到text字串中
Assembler *a = AsmNew(); // allocate Assembler type memory
AsmPass1(a, text); // 編譯第一階段
printf("===============SYMBOL TABLE=========\n");
HashTableEach(a->symTable, (FuncPtr1) AsmCodePrintln); // print symboltable
AsmPass2(a); // 編譯第二階段
AsmSaveObjFile(a, objFile); // 將objCode(hexa)輸出objfile(binary)
AsmFree(a); // free a
freeMemory(text); // free text
}
//allocate Assembler type memory
Assembler* AsmNew() {
Assembler *a=ObjNew(Assembler, 1);//allocate Assembler type*1 count memory
a->codes = ArrayNew(10); //allocate Array (item = 10) memory
a->symTable = HashTableNew(127); //allocate (item = 127) hashtable (2D Array) memory
a->opTable = OpTableNew(); //將opList轉換成Op type(*name, code, type)放入hashtable(op->name, op)
return a;
}
void AsmFree(Assembler *a) {
ArrayFree(a->codes, (FuncPtr1) AsmCodeFree);
HashTableFree(a->symTable);
OpTableFree();
ObjFree(a);
}
//解析每一行opcode, type, args, label,計算每一行address, 將label放入symboltable
void AsmPass1(Assembler *a, char *text) {
int i, address = 0, number;
Array* lines = split(text, "\r\n", REMOVE_SPLITER); // 將assembly code切成一行一行 (換行char \r\n)
ArrayEach(lines, strPrintln); // print每一行string且換行
printf("=================PASS1================\n");
for (i=0; i<lines->count; i++) { // 對每一行
strReplace(lines->item[i], SPACE, ' '); // 將\t\n\r換成空char
AsmCode *code = AsmCodeNew(lines->item[i]); // 解析line將label, op, args放到Asmcode type
code->address = address; // 設定該行的address
Op *op = HashTableGet(opTable, code->op); // 利用code->op(key) 到hashtable get opcode and type(L,A,J)
if (op != NULL) { // if key exist
code->opCode = op->code; // setting opCode (00[LD], 01[ST])
code->type = op->type; // setting type(L,A,J)
}
// 將label放入symboltable
if (strlen(code->label)>0) // if含有symbol
HashTablePut(a->symTable, code->label, code); // put into symbol table
ArrayAdd(a->codes, code); // 將Asmcode code(item) 放入Assenbler codes(Array)
AsmCodePrintln(code); // print Asmcode code
code->size = AsmCodeSize(code); // 計算指令所佔bytes大小
address += code->size; // 計算出下一個instruction address
}
ArrayFree(lines, strFree); // free Array lines
}
void AsmPass2(Assembler *a) {
printf("=============PASS2==============\n");
int i;
for (i=0; i<a->codes->count; i++) { // 對每一指令 (Array數量)
AsmCode *code = a->codes->item[i];
AsmTranslateCode(a, code); // 編成object code
AsmCodePrintln(code);
}
}
//轉換成objCode(hexa)
void AsmTranslateCode(Assembler *a, AsmCode *code) {
char p1[100], p2[100], p3[100], pt[100];
int ra=0, rb=0, rc=0, cx=0;
char cxCode[9]="00000000", objCode[100]="", args[100]="";
strcpy(args, code->args);
strReplace(args, ",", ' ');
int pc = code->address + 4; // fecth instruction之後PC+4
switch (code->type) {
case 'J' : // 處理J type
if (!strEqual(args, "")) { // if args不為空字串(長度為0)
AsmCode *labelCode = HashTableGet(a->symTable,args); // 取得symbol address
cx = labelCode->address - pc; // 計算cx (PC相對定址法)
sprintf(cxCode, "%8x", cx);
}
sprintf(objCode, "%2x%s", code->opCode, &cxCode[2]); // opcode(2碼)+從cx第2到第8個元素(共六碼)
break;
case 'L' : // 處理L type
sscanf(args, "R%d %s", &ra, p2); // sscanf 把args字串解析成格式化輸入
if (strHead(p2, "[")) { // if p2以"["開頭 (表示是memory location [Ra])
sscanf(p2, "[R%d+%s]", &rb, pt); // 再取出Rb pt(Cx)
if (sscanf(pt, "R%d", &rc)<=0)
sscanf(pt, "%d", &cx); // 將pt assign給cx
} else if (sscanf(p2, "%d", &cx)>0) { // if p2可以轉換成十進位, 將p2給cx
} else {
AsmCode *labelCode = HashTableGet(a->symTable, p2); // find symbol p2 in symboltable
cx = labelCode->address - pc; // 計算cx (PC相對定址法)
rb = 15; // R[15] is PC // Rb = PC
}
sprintf(cxCode, "%8x", cx); // sprintf將cx string轉換成八位hexo
sprintf(objCode, "%2x%x%x%s", code->opCode, ra, rb, &cxCode[4]); // 取cx後四碼
break;
case 'A' : // 處理A type
sscanf(args, "%s %s %s", p1, p2, p3);
sscanf(p1, "R%d", &ra); // 取得Ra
sscanf(p2, "R%d", &rb); // 取得Rb
if (sscanf(p3, "R%d", &rc)<=0)
sscanf(p3, "%d", &cx); // 取得Rb,不是R開頭則轉換成cx
sprintf(cxCode, "%8x", cx);
sprintf(objCode, "%2x%x%x%x%s", code->opCode,ra,rb,rc,&cxCode[5]); // 取cx後3碼
break;
case 'D' : { // 處理D type (資料宣告)
char format4[]="%8x", format1[]="%2x", *format = format1;
switch (code->opCode) {
case OP_RESW:
case OP_RESB: // opCode=RESB+RESW
memset(objCode, '0', code->size*2); // set objCode all to 0
objCode[code->size*2] = '\0';
break;
case OP_WORD: // opCode= WORD and BYTE
format = format4; // 輸出%8x
case OP_BYTE: {
Array *array = split(args, " ", REMOVE_SPLITER); // 以空格為分隔符號拆解args成tokens
char *objPtr = objCode;
int i=0;
for (i=0; i<array->count; i++) { // 對每一行tokens
char *item = array->item[i];
if (isdigit(item[0])) // if item第一個為數字
sprintf(objPtr, format, atoi(item)); // 轉換成整數, 輸出成%8x形式至objPtr
else { // if item為symbol
AsmCode *itemCode = HashTableGet(a->symTable, item); // 到symboltable尋找
sprintf(objPtr, format, itemCode->address); // 將symbol對應的address, 輸出成%8x形式至objPtr
}
objPtr += strlen(objPtr); // 將objPtr移動到後面char位置, 以便下一行tokens儲存char
}
ArrayFree(array, strFree);
break;//for opCode= WORD and BYTE
}
}
break;//for case 'D'
}
default:
strcpy(objCode, ""); // 非以上type,objcode=空字串
break;//for switch code->type
}
strReplace(objCode, " ", '0'); // replace 空格 with 0 (objCode固定長度為8)
strToUpper(objCode); // 轉大寫
code->objCode = newStr(objCode); // store at AsmCode objCode
}
//將objCode(hexa)輸出objfile(binary)
void AsmSaveObjFile(Assembler *a, char *objFile) {
printf("==========Save to ObjFile:%s==========\n", objFile);
FILE *file = fopen(objFile, "wb"); // open with binary mode
int i;
for (i=0; i<a->codes->count; i++) { // 對每一行AsmCode code
AsmCode *code = a->codes->item[i];
char *objPtr = code->objCode;
while (*objPtr != '\0') { // 用objPtr go through 整個objCode
int x;
sscanf(objPtr, "%2x", &x); // 從objPtr讀取2位hex(=8位binary,= 1byte) 放到x
assert(x >= 0 && x < 256); // 確保轉換後的x在一個byte範圍內
BYTE b = (BYTE) x; // 將x轉換成1 byte b
fwrite(&b, sizeof(BYTE), 1, file); // write b in file
objPtr += 2; // objPtr move to next byte
char bstr[3];
sprintf(bstr, "%2x", b); // 將b=15轉換成string bstr="0F"
strReplace(bstr, " ", '0'); // 空格轉成0
strToUpper(bstr); // 轉大寫
printf("%s", bstr); // 印出string bstr
}
}
printf("\n");
fclose(file);
}
int AsmCodePrintln(AsmCode *code) {
char label[100] = "", address[100], buffer[200];
if (strlen(code->label)>0)
sprintf(label, "%s:", code->label); //輸出%s,將格式化輸出的結果字串到label
sprintf(address, "%4x", code->address);//輸出佔4位hexo,將格式化輸出的結果字串到address
strReplace(address, " ", '0'); //將空格換成0
//args (%-14s)會輸出佔14位string 存在buffer
sprintf(buffer, "%s %-8s %-4s %-14s %c %2x %s\n", address, label, code->op, code->args, code->type, code->opCode, code->objCode);
strToUpper(buffer);//將buffer轉成大寫字母
printf(buffer);
}
AsmCode* AsmCodeNew(char *line) {
AsmCode* code = ObjNew(AsmCode,1);//allocate AsmCode type*1 count memory
char label[100]="", op[100]="", args[100]="", temp[100];
int count = sscanf(line, "%s %s %[^;]", label, op, args);//將line解析成label, op, args(args:非分號的字元)
if (strTail(label, ":")) { //label的最後等於":"
strTrim(temp, label, ":"); //remove label的":",放在temp
strcpy(label, temp); //放回label
} else {
strcpy(label, ""); //label = NULL
sscanf(line, "%s %[^;]", op, args); //label已為NULL,重新解析 line 字串，將 op、args 存到對line
}
// printf("label=%s op=%s args=%s\n", code->label, op, args);
code->label = newStr(label); // 將 label、op、args 存到 AsmCode
code->op = newStr(op);
strTrim(temp, args, SPACE);//remove args的"\t\n\r",放在temp
code->args = newStr(temp);
code->type = ' ';//設為空char
code->opCode = OP_NULL;
// AsmCodePrintln(code);
return code;
}
void AsmCodeFree(AsmCode *code) {
freeMemory(code->label);
freeMemory(code->op);
freeMemory(code->args);
freeMemory(code->objCode);
freeMemory(code);
}
// 計算AsmCode指令大小, CPU0每個指令佔4 bytes
int AsmCodeSize(AsmCode *code) {
switch (code->opCode) { //code->opCode = (LD=00, ST=01)
case OP_RESW :
return 4 * atoi(code->args); // 將args整數string轉成整數*4 (byte)
case OP_RESB :
return atoi(code->args); // 將args整數string轉成整數*1 (byte)
case OP_WORD :
return 4 * (strCountChar(code->args, ",")+1); // 紀錄","出現次數, args個數*4 (byte)
case OP_BYTE :
return strCountChar(code->args, ",")+1; // args個數*1 (byte)
case OP_NULL : // OP_NULL = 0xFF
return 0;
default :
return 4; // 4 byte
}
}