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FreeBsd.lyx
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#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\begin_document
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\begin_body
\begin_layout Title
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FreeBSD, I don't know
\begin_inset Newline newline
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\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
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Version 0.2
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\begin_layout Author
\size normal
By Gerrit Seré
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset toc
LatexCommand tableofcontents
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter*
\size normal
Who am I and why?
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
I started my sysadmin unix career in 1998 with the Flemish Government.
The operation system we were using was Solaris 2.6.
In those days, for each new application we bought a physical server, mostly
a Sun Ultra 450 Enterprise.
A lot of them had a tape device for doing backups.
To monitor those servers and deamons we used Big Brother.
In our main department we had a NIS+ system.
But most of our time we did basic sysadmin, creating users, installing
printer queus, updating DHCP configuration, NFS, restarting deamons, checking
logs, rotate them, backup, restore and sent mails to people to please cleaup
up their home folders.
There was no ticket system, we used only mail and hang on the telephone
for hours.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
First, we used a terminal server.
Later a few of my collegues switched to Linux.
I tried using FreeBSD for a few weeks, a lot of time went into compiling,
especially KDE took a few hours.
FreeBSD was very stable but a few programs were not available, switching
me back to Linux.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Nowadays, in 2019, everybody in our team use a laptop.
Most of them use Mac Os or Fedora.
At the server side everything changed.
Physical servers transformed into virtual servers and those servers are
running in a Cloud environment.
Solaris OS changed to Ubuntu and CentOs.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
In April 2018, I was at very small conference (LOADays) in Belgium and one
of those talks,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
FreeBSD is not a Linux distro
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
by Kristof Provost, changed my mind.
I really appreciated his talk and started looking back to FreeBSD.
Some time later, I bought a few books from Michael W Lucas, watched
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
BSD Now
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
podcasts and read other BSD documentation from the internet.
Now, I have extra fun with the BSD family.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
When starting a new project, like installing a webserver.
First we need to collect information by reading, filtering and then transformin
g the input into a computer-like format: config files, wiki, ....
All those steps take a lot of time and effort.
Maybe at the end of the story, the setup is not always going into production
but it would be pity to drop it into a trashcan.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
FreeBSD, I don't know:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
I'm not a writer.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
My primary language is not English.
I don't know how to write nice sentences.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
In my daily work, I don't use BSD, So, I don't know everything about it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Sometimes, I write,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
I don't know
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, because I don't find a good or complete answer about the subject.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
But:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
I like the way BSD's solve problems.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
It is a bug when the documentation is wrong or incomplete.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
FreeBSD was the my first BSD.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Welcome readers from other operation systems.
Maybe some part of the documentation you could use in your environment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Information is constantly changing.
It is difficult to keep up constantly ...
I try but I don't know ...
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Dnn't read this book top down.
Pick the chapters you like.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
FreeBSD is not owned by a company.
So, independence guaranteed.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
\size normal
Installing BSD
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
If you start a project and need multiple servers, then you should have a
virtual environment like VirtualBox.
Normally, it is not too difficult to install a BSD operation system.
Which one to choose depends on your use case and your personal choise,
FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, HardenedBSD, ...
Here we discuss OpenBSD.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
First make a configuration in VirtualBox.
The most important thing is to use 2 network interfaces.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
NAT.
With this interface, you communicate with the internet, mostly for downloading
packages.
You can not communicate with other virtual servers.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Host-only network.
With this interface we can access the different virtual servers in the
our sub network and the host (laptop) can communicate with those virtual
servers.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Installing the OS, it just giving the right answer to the questions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
The user
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
captain
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
is in the wheel group.
With this user you can do
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
su -
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
to get root.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
All the passwords are the same.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\size normal
Configuration OpenBSD in Virtualbox
\end_layout
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The screenshots show how to configure a virtual server.
\end_layout
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The screen
\begin_inset Quotes eld
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Host Network Manager
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
is important.
It shows a list of installed network interfaces.
These interfaces show up when running
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
ifconfig -a
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
ip a
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in your console terminal.
There are 2 ways of installing a network interface.
DHCP or manual.
DHCP is the easiest but for servers we do manual setting.
Prefer the option you like.
Once a server is setup with DHCP, it will always get the same ip adres.
Here we use manual because I want to choose my ip addresses.
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Instaling OpenBSD in VirtualBox.
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Now, the fun part begins.
It is not that difficult to answer the questions.
On the first interface (em0), which is the NAT interface, we will use DHCP.
The second network interface (em1), we will install when the server is
booted.
We don't need an X system.
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Just lazy and install all packages.
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Poweroff the system in VirtualBox.
Close the window where we install openbsd and a pop-up box appear.
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Go back to the settings of the virtual server and remove the install disk
from the virtual server.
Otherwise the install proces restarts again.
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On the NAT interface we will do port forwarding.
This makes it easy to login for your host server (laptop).
This can also be done when the virtual server is running.
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Here we forward port 2220 to ssh.
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
Start the virtual server.
A few seconds later, you are welcomed by a login prompt.
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After the system is installed, check the web page of OpenBSD what to configure
next or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
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man afterboot
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
or https://blog.aktsbot.in/openbsd-getting-started.html.
But first we need to configure the second interface.
Grab an ip adres in the network range you specified in the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
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Host Network Manager
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openbsd$ su -