diff --git a/x/crosschain/handler.go b/x/crosschain/handler.go
deleted file mode 100644
index db3af28142..0000000000
--- a/x/crosschain/handler.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-package crosschain
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
-	sdkerrors "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/errors"
-	"github.com/zeta-chain/zetacore/x/crosschain/keeper"
-	"github.com/zeta-chain/zetacore/x/crosschain/types"
-)
-
-func NewHandler(k keeper.Keeper) sdk.Handler {
-	msgServer := keeper.NewMsgServerImpl(k)
-
-	return func(ctx sdk.Context, msg sdk.Msg) (*sdk.Result, error) {
-		ctx = ctx.WithEventManager(sdk.NewEventManager())
-
-		switch msg := msg.(type) {
-		case *types.MsgAddToOutTxTracker:
-			res, err := msgServer.AddToOutTxTracker(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-			return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-		case *types.MsgRemoveFromOutTxTracker:
-			res, err := msgServer.RemoveFromOutTxTracker(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-			return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-		case *types.MsgCreateTSSVoter:
-			res, err := msgServer.CreateTSSVoter(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-			return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-
-		case *types.MsgGasPriceVoter:
-			res, err := msgServer.GasPriceVoter(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-			return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-
-		case *types.MsgNonceVoter:
-			res, err := msgServer.NonceVoter(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-			return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-
-		case *types.MsgVoteOnObservedOutboundTx:
-			res, err := msgServer.VoteOnObservedOutboundTx(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-			return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-
-		case *types.MsgVoteOnObservedInboundTx:
-			res, err := msgServer.VoteOnObservedInboundTx(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-			return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-
-		case *types.MsgSetNodeKeys:
-			res, err := msgServer.SetNodeKeys(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-			return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-		case *types.MsgUpdatePermissionFlags:
-			res, err := msgServer.UpdatePermissionFlags(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-			return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-			// this line is used by starport scaffolding # 1
-		default:
-			errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("unrecognized %s message type: %T", types.ModuleName, msg)
-			return nil, sdkerrors.Wrap(sdkerrors.ErrUnknownRequest, errMsg)
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/x/crosschain/module.go b/x/crosschain/module.go
index 0b79e2275e..5a9948c87d 100644
--- a/x/crosschain/module.go
+++ b/x/crosschain/module.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+
 	authtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/types"
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/runtime"
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ func (am AppModule) Name() string {
 
 // Route returns the capability module's message routing key.
 func (am AppModule) Route() sdk.Route {
-	return sdk.NewRoute(types.RouterKey, NewHandler(am.keeper))
+	return sdk.Route{}
 }
 
 // QuerierRoute returns the capability module's query routing key.
diff --git a/x/emissions/handler.go b/x/emissions/handler.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 58e0ae36d6..0000000000
--- a/x/emissions/handler.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-package emissions
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
-	sdkerrors "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/errors"
-	"github.com/zeta-chain/zetacore/x/emissions/keeper"
-	"github.com/zeta-chain/zetacore/x/emissions/types"
-)
-
-func NewHandler(k keeper.Keeper, bk types.BankKeeper) sdk.Handler {
-	return func(ctx sdk.Context, msg sdk.Msg) (*sdk.Result, error) {
-		ctx = ctx.WithEventManager(sdk.NewEventManager())
-
-		switch msg := msg.(type) {
-		// this line is used by starport scaffolding # 1
-		default:
-			errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("unrecognized %s message type: %T", types.ModuleName, msg)
-			return nil, sdkerrors.Wrap(sdkerrors.ErrUnknownRequest, errMsg)
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/x/emissions/module.go b/x/emissions/module.go
index 824fd7721d..90f2f3dd3c 100644
--- a/x/emissions/module.go
+++ b/x/emissions/module.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package emissions
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+
 	// this line is used by starport scaffolding # 1
 
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ func (am AppModule) Name() string {
 
 // Route returns the capability module's message routing key.
 func (am AppModule) Route() sdk.Route {
-	return sdk.NewRoute(types.RouterKey, NewHandler(am.keeper, am.bankKeeper))
+	return sdk.Route{}
 }
 
 // QuerierRoute returns the capability module's query routing key.
diff --git a/x/fungible/handler.go b/x/fungible/handler.go
deleted file mode 100644
index d7c1298bf8..0000000000
--- a/x/fungible/handler.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-package fungible
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
-	sdkerrors "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/errors"
-	"github.com/zeta-chain/zetacore/x/fungible/keeper"
-	"github.com/zeta-chain/zetacore/x/fungible/types"
-)
-
-// NewHandler ...
-func NewHandler(k keeper.Keeper) sdk.Handler {
-	msgServer := keeper.NewMsgServerImpl(k)
-
-	return func(ctx sdk.Context, msg sdk.Msg) (*sdk.Result, error) {
-		ctx = ctx.WithEventManager(sdk.NewEventManager())
-
-		switch msg := msg.(type) {
-		case *types.MsgDeployFungibleCoinZRC20:
-			res, err := msgServer.DeployFungibleCoinZRC20(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-			return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-
-		case *types.MsgRemoveForeignCoin:
-			res, err := msgServer.RemoveForeignCoin(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-			return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-			// this line is used by starport scaffolding # 1
-		default:
-			errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("unrecognized %s message type: %T", types.ModuleName, msg)
-			return nil, sdkerrors.Wrap(sdkerrors.ErrUnknownRequest, errMsg)
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/x/fungible/module.go b/x/fungible/module.go
index 8a01290575..cd87149c2e 100644
--- a/x/fungible/module.go
+++ b/x/fungible/module.go
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func (am AppModule) Name() string {
 
 // Route returns the capability module's message routing key.
 func (am AppModule) Route() sdk.Route {
-	return sdk.NewRoute(types.RouterKey, NewHandler(am.keeper))
+	return sdk.Route{}
 }
 
 // QuerierRoute returns the capability module's query routing key.
diff --git a/x/observer/handler.go b/x/observer/handler.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d23ab85c0..0000000000
--- a/x/observer/handler.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-package observer
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
-	sdkerrors "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/errors"
-	"github.com/zeta-chain/zetacore/x/observer/keeper"
-	"github.com/zeta-chain/zetacore/x/observer/types"
-)
-
-// NewHandler ...
-func NewHandler(k keeper.Keeper) sdk.Handler {
-	// this line is used by starport scaffolding # handler/msgServer
-	msgServer := keeper.NewMsgServerImpl(k)
-	return func(ctx sdk.Context, msg sdk.Msg) (*sdk.Result, error) {
-		ctx = ctx.WithEventManager(sdk.NewEventManager())
-
-		switch msg := msg.(type) {
-		//case *types.MsgSetSupportedChains:
-		//	res, err := msgServer.SetSupportedChains(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-		//	return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-		case *types.MsgAddObserver:
-			res, err := msgServer.AddObserver(sdk.WrapSDKContext(ctx), msg)
-			return sdk.WrapServiceResult(ctx, res, err)
-			// this line is used by starport scaffolding # 1
-		default:
-			errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("unrecognized %s message type: %T", types.ModuleName, msg)
-			return nil, sdkerrors.Wrap(sdkerrors.ErrUnknownRequest, errMsg)
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/x/observer/module.go b/x/observer/module.go
index e5e3f53fad..6b93361f35 100644
--- a/x/observer/module.go
+++ b/x/observer/module.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+
 	// this line is used by starport scaffolding # 1
 
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ func (am AppModule) Name() string {
 
 // Route returns the capability module's message routing key.
 func (am AppModule) Route() sdk.Route {
-	return sdk.NewRoute(types.RouterKey, NewHandler(am.keeper))
+	return sdk.Route{}
 }
 
 // QuerierRoute returns the capability module's query routing key.
diff --git a/x/observer/types/tmp.json b/x/observer/types/tmp.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 19f6d56172..0000000000
--- a/x/observer/types/tmp.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-[
- {
-  "SupportedChainsList": [
-   1337,
-   18444,
-   101
-  ],
-  "ObserverAddress": "cosmos1jtkmr875jh9fvj2am6vnf54eqtcwxyu0gaptwz",
-  "ObserverGranteeAddress": "cosmos1h5vgfy5ytyqc9vpx0vxjswqw0hezwrxguq6za7",
-  "StakingGranteeAddress": "cosmos1h5vgfy5ytyqc9vpx0vxjswqw0hezwrxguq6za7",
-  "StakingMaxTokens": "100000000",
-  "StakingValidatorAllowList": [
-   "cosmosvaloper1tfzf7z4ccu338u7t0wemhy793kfla6kyx2rge8"
-  ],
-  "SpendMaxTokens": "100000000"
- }
-]
\ No newline at end of file