[Bug] BatchPropose with invalid transaction can halt the network

[feezybabee]

https://hackerone.com/reports/2311934

Summary:

BatchPropose with invalid transaction halt the network

Steps To Reproduce:

1. Use this branch: https://github.com/ghostant-1017/snarkOS/tree/demo/invalid_tx
2. Run the devnet script: `.devnet` 
3. Check the logs: ` Unable to advance to the next block - Invalid transaction found in the transactions list: Execution verification failed: Failed to verify a transition input`

Proof-of-Concept (PoC)

The BatchPropose with invalid transactions will be certified and the check_next_block will fail as the transaction is invalid

Supporting Material/References:

Logs: https://github.com/ghostant-1017/logs/blob/master/logs-20240111094535.tar.gz

Impact

Summary:

BatchPropose with invalid transaction halt the network

[ghostant-1017]

Same as the invalid Deployment transaction

[raychu86]

Please try to reproduce this bug with the changes here - https://github.com/AleoHQ/snarkOS/pull/3083

[raychu86]

@ghostant-1017 I've created a new proposed fix for this to just do verification for the proposals. Take a look here - https://github.com/AleoHQ/snarkOS/pull/3098. Would be helpful to think about the implications of this fix.