feat: Clickhouse data source (#2300)

Adds support for clickhouse as a data source.

`read_clickhouse`:
```
> select * from read_clickhouse('clickhouse://localhost:9000/default', 'bikeshare_stations') limit 1;
┌────────────┬──────────┬────────┬─────────┬───┬─────────────────┬───────┬──────────────────┬───────────────────┐
│ station_id │ name     │ status │ address │ … │ footprint_width │ notes │ council_district │ modified_date     │
│         ── │ ──       │ ──     │ ──      │   │              ── │ ──    │               ── │ ──                │
│      Int32 │ Utf8     │ Utf8   │ Utf8    │   │         Float32 │ Utf8  │            Int32 │ Timestamp<s, UTC> │
╞════════════╪══════════╪════════╪═════════╪═══╪═════════════════╪═══════╪══════════════════╪═══════════════════╡
│          0 │ South C… │ active │ 1901 S… │ … │            10.0 │ In t… │                9 │ 2022-03-04T09:01… │
└────────────┴──────────┴────────┴─────────┴───┴─────────────────┴───────┴──────────────────┴───────────────────┘
```

External database:
```
> create external database ch
::: from clickhouse
::: options ( connection_string = 'clickhouse://localhost:9000/default' );
Database created
> select status, address from ch.default.bikeshare_stations limit 1;
┌────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│ status │ address                  │
│ ──     │ ──                       │
│ Utf8   │ Utf8                     │
╞════════╪══════════════════════════╡
│ active │ 1901 South Congress Ave. │
└────────┴──────────────────────────┘
```

External table:
```
> create external table stations
::: from clickhouse
::: options ( connection_string = 'clickhouse://localhost:9000/default',
:::           table = 'bikeshare_stations' );
Table created
> select council_district, modified_date from stations limit 1;
┌──────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│ council_district │ modified_date       │
│               ── │ ──                  │
│            Int32 │ Timestamp<s, UTC>   │
╞══════════════════╪═════════════════════╡
│                9 │ 2022-03-04T09:01:00 │
└──────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
```

---

Follow up items: #2315

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -286,6 +286,10 @@ jobs:
           # Prepare SLT (MongoDB)
           export MONGO_CONN_STRING=$(./scripts/create-test-mongo-db.sh)
 
+          # Prepare SLT (Clickhouse)
+          source ./scripts/ci-install-clickhouse.sh
+          export CLICKHOUSE_CONN_STRING=$(./scripts/create-test-clickhouse-db.sh)
+
           # Prepare SLT (SQL Server)
           export SQL_SERVER_CONN_STRING=$(./scripts/create-test-sqlserver-db.sh)
 
@@ -313,22 +317,23 @@ jobs:
           just sql-logic-tests --protocol=rpc 'sqllogictests_native/*'
           just sql-logic-tests --protocol=rpc 'sqllogictests_object_store/*'
           just sql-logic-tests --protocol=rpc 'sqllogictests_sqlserver/*'
+          just sql-logic-tests --protocol=rpc 'sqllogictests_clickhouse/*'
           just sql-logic-tests --protocol=rpc --exclude '*/tunnels/ssh' 'sqllogictests_mongodb/*'
           just sql-logic-tests --protocol=rpc --exclude '*/tunnels/ssh' 'sqllogictests_mysql/*'
           just sql-logic-tests --protocol=rpc --exclude '*/tunnels/ssh' 'sqllogictests_postgres/*'
 
           echo "-------------------------- REMOTE DATA STORAGE TESTS --------------------------------"
           # Test using a remote object store for storing databases and catalog
           # MinIO (S3)
-          just sql-logic-tests --location http://localhost:9000 \
+          just sql-logic-tests --location http://localhost:9100 \
               --option access_key_id=$MINIO_ACCESS_KEY \
               --option secret_access_key=$MINIO_SECRET_KEY \
               --option bucket=$TEST_BUCKET \
               'sqllogictests/*' \
               'sqllogictests_native/*'
 
           # MinIO (S3) but with a sub-directory path
-          just slt -l http://localhost:9000/$TEST_BUCKET/path/to/folder \
+          just slt -l http://localhost:9100/$TEST_BUCKET/path/to/folder \
               -o access_key_id=$MINIO_ACCESS_KEY \
               -o secret_access_key=$MINIO_SECRET_KEY \
               'sqllogictests/*'

crates/datasources/Cargo.toml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ bitflags = "2.4"
 bitvec = "1"
 bytes = "1.4.0"
 chrono = { workspace = true }
+chrono-tz = "0.8.4"
+clickhouse-rs = { version = "1.1.0-alpha.1"}
 datafusion = { workspace = true }
 decimal = { path = "../decimal" }
 deltalake = { workspace = true }

crates/datasources/src/clickhouse/errors.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum ClickhouseError {
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Clickhouse(#[from] clickhouse_rs::errors::Error),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    UrlParse(#[from] url::ParseError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Arrow(#[from] datafusion::arrow::error::ArrowError),
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    String(String),
+}
+
+pub type Result<T, E = ClickhouseError> = std::result::Result<T, E>;