feat: add some s2 geo functions

[sunng87]

I hereby agree to the terms of the GreptimeDB CLA.

Refer to a related PR or issue link (optional)

What's changed and what's your intention?

This patch introduces some new s2 geo encoding functions.

More information: http://s2geometry.io/

Checklist

• I have written the necessary rustdoc comments.
• I have added the necessary unit tests and integration tests.
• This PR requires documentation updates.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 47.42857% with 92 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 84.04%. Comparing base (aaa9b32) to head (e145d35).
Report is 8 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #4823      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   84.37%   84.04%   -0.33%     
==========================================
  Files        1127     1125       -2     
  Lines      205164   205140      -24     
==========================================
- Hits       173104   172416     -688     
- Misses      32060    32724     +664     

[fengjiachun]

LGTM

[v0y4g3r]

Rest LGTM

[adminpass]

Please support. Thank you

ST_Contains
ST_Within
ST_Intersects

ST_Area
ST_Distance
ST_DistanceSphere

[sunng87]

@adminpass Thank you for letting me know! I wonder if you have a use-case with geospatial functions in GreptimeDB or other time-series database? It will be helpful if you can describe the scenario so we can prioritize.

[adminpass]

@adminpass Thank you for letting me know! I wonder if you have a use-case with geospatial functions in GreptimeDB or other time-series database? It will be helpful if you can describe the scenario so we can prioritize.

For example:

1. Query coordinate data within the region
2. Query data with a specified coordinate radius of 10km