227 motivating scenario discovery of behavior specifications for sending messages

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/README.md

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+# Discover Behavior Specifications for Sending Messages to Agents
+Feature: Discovery of Behavior Specifications for Sending Messages to Agents
+
+
+## Description
+Two agents are situated in a manufacturing workspace: Agent A manages the scheduling of production goals. Agent B operates a robotic arm artifact, that is contained in the workspace, towards achieving production goals. Agent A knows that Agent B is situated in the same workspace, and discovers a signifier that reveals information about how to send a message to Agent B for requesting to move the gripper of the robotic arm artifact.
+Agent A discovers the signifier that is exposed in the resource profile of Agent B, which reveals information about how to send a [FIPA Request](http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00037/SC00037J.html#_Toc26729708) message to Agent B. This information specifies a set of contraints on how to execute the action of sending the message: 
+- the action execution should have a [FIPA ACL Message](http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00061/SC00061G.html) as input;
+- the action execution should use an HTTP form based on the [FIPA Agent Message Transport Protocol for HTTP](http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00084/XC00084C.html);
+- The action execution may be part of a behavior execution that is specified in the [FIPA Request Interaction Protocol Specification](http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00026/SC00026H.html)
+
+Agent A executes the action by sending a message to Agent B, where the message has the following parameters:
+- Agent A as sender 
+- Agent B as receiver 
+- the Request Communicative Act from the [FIPA Communicative Act Library](http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00037/SC00037J.html) as performative 
+- An Action Execution specification as content 
+- The [FIPA SL Content Language](http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00008/SC00008I.html) as language of the content 
+
+Agent B receives the message, and by interpreting the sender of the message, it retrieves the resource profile of Agent A. Agent B discovers the signifiers that are exposed in the resource profile of Agent A, which reveal information about how to send FIPA Agree and FIPA Refuse messages to Agent A.
+
+
+## Competency Questions
+
+| ID | Question in Natural Language                                                                                              | Example                                                                                                                   |
+|----|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| q1 | What are the signifiers that are exposed by a given resource profile, and that reveal information about how to send a message? | Signifier exposed in the profile `ex:agentBProfile` that reveals information about how to send a `fipa:ACLMessage`: `ex:agentBProfile` |                                      |
+| q2 | What is the action execution specification that a given signifier signifies? | Action execution specification that the signifier `ex:requestable` signifies: `ex:requestActionSpecification`|
+| q3 | What is the specification of the input based on a given action execution specification? | Specification of the input based on the action execution specification `ex:requestActionSpecification`: `ex:requestMessageSpecification` |
+| q4 | What are the types of the input that an action execution should have based on a given action execution specification? | Type of the input that the action execution should have based on the action execution specification `ex:requestActionSpecification`: `fipa:ACLMessage`| 
+| q5 | What are the properties that the input of an action execution should have based on a given action execution specification? | Properties that the input of an action execution should have based on the action execution specification `ex:requestActionSpecification`: `fipa:hasSender`, `fipa:hasReceiver`, `fipa:hasPerformative`, `fipa:hasContent`, `fipa:hasLanguage` |
+| q6 | What is the suprotocol that an action execution should use based on a given action execution specification? | Subprotocol that an action execution should use based on the action execution specification `ex:requestActionSpecification`: "fipa.mts.mtp.http.std" |
+| q7 | What are the types of a behavior execution in which a given specified action execution is included? | Types of a behavior execution in which an action execution specified in the action execution specification `ex:requestActionSpecification` is included: `fipa:RequestInteractionProtocolEnactment`, `dul:PlanExecution` |  
+
+## Glossary
+- **Message**: The individual unit of communication between two or more agents.
+- **Subrotocol**: An extension mechanism to a transport protocol [Matsukura et al., 2023], such as the [FIPA Agent Message Transport Protocol for HTTP](http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00084/XC00084C.html), that can be, for example, specified as part of the hypermedia control (e.g. an [hctl:Form](https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/hypermedia#Form)) describing how to execute an action.
+- **Agent Interaction Protocol**: A specification of interaction between two or more autonomous agents that serves as a standard of correctness for agent behavior in a multi-agent system [Baldoni et al., 2018].
+- **Action Execution as part of a Behavior Execution**: An action exection that takes place upon the execution of a (more complex) behavior, for example, as part of the execution of a plan, or of the enactment of an agent interaction protocol.
+- **Behavior Execution**: see [Discovery of Behavior Specifications](../discover-behavior-specifications/README.md).
+- **Action Execution**: see [Discovery of Behavior Specifications](../discover-behavior-specifications/README.md).
+- **Input**: see [Discovery of Behavior Specifications](../discover-behavior-specifications/README.md).
+- **Form**: see [Discovery of Behavior Specifications](../discover-behavior-specifications/README.md).
+- **Signification of Behavior**: see [Discovery of Behavior Specifications](../discover-behavior-specifications/README.md).
+- **Signifier**: see [Discovery of Signifiers](../discover-signifiers/README.md).
+- **Signifier Exposure**: see [Discovery of Signifiers](../discover-signifiers/README.md).
+- **Situatedness**: see [Discovery of Signifiers](../discover-signifiers/README.md).
+- **Workspace**: see [Discovery of Workspaces, Agents, and Artifacts in Hypermedia Environments](../discover-core/README.md).
+- **Resource Containment**: see [Discovery of Workspaces, Agents, and Artifacts in Hypermedia Environments](../discover-core/README.md).
+- **Artifact**: see [Discovery of Workspaces, Agents, and Artifacts in Hypermedia Environments](../discover-core/README.md).
+- **Agent**: see [Discovery of Workspaces, Agents, and Artifacts in Hypermedia Environments](../discover-core/README.md).
+- **Resource Profile**: see [Discovery of Workspaces, Agents, and Artifacts in Hypermedia Environments](../discover-core/README.md).
+
+[Matsukura et al., 2023] Matsukura, R., & McCool, M., & Lagally, M., & Toumura, K. (2023). Web of Things (WoT) Architecture 1.1. W3C Recommendation (W3C). Available online: https://www.w3.org/TR/wot-architecture11/. 
+
+[Baldoni et al., 2018] Baldoni, M., Baroglio, C., Amit, K. C., & Günay, A. (2018). Interaction Protocols. Handbook of Normative Multiagent Systems. 
+

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/dataset.ttl

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+@prefix hmas: <https://purl.org/hmas/> .
+@prefix fipa: <http://ns.hyperagents.org/fipa#> .
+@prefix hctl: <https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/hypermedia#> .
+@prefix htv: <http://www.w3.org/2011/http#> .
+@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
+@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
+@prefix dul: <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org/> .
+
+ex:manufacturingWorkspace a hmas:Workspace ;
+  hmas:contains ex:agentA, ex:agentB .
+
+#### Agent A's profile (the agent can request actions to be performed) ####
+
+ex:agentAProfile a fipa:AgentDescription ;
+  hmas:isProfileOf ex:agentA ;
+  hmas:exposesSignifier ex:aggreable, ex:refusable .
+
+ex:agentA a hmas:Agent .
+
+ex:aggreable a hmas:Signifier ;
+      hmas:signifies  ex:agreeActionSpecification .
+
+ex:refusable a hmas:Signifier ;
+      hmas:signifies  ex:refuseActionSpecification .
+
+#### Endpoint for sending messages to Agent A ####
+ex:agentAMessageEndpointShape a sh:NodeShape ;
+	sh:class hmas:ActionExecution ;
+    sh:property [
+        sh:path prov:used ;
+        sh:minQualifiedShape 1 ;
+        sh:maxQualifiedShape 1 ;
+        sh:qualifiedValueShape [
+            sh:class hctl:Form ;
+            sh:property [
+                sh:path hctl:forSubprotocol ;
+                sh:minCount 1 ;
+                sh:maxCount 1 ;
+                sh:hasValue "fipa.mts.mtp.http.std" # identifier of the FIPA Agent Message Transport Protocol for HTTP Specification
+            ], [
+                sh:path htv:methodName ;
+                sh:minCount 1 ;
+                sh:maxCount 1 ;
+                sh:hasValue "POST"
+            ], [
+                sh:path hctl:hasTarget ;
+                sh:minCount 1 ;
+                sh:maxCount 1 ;
+                sh:hasValue  <http://eduroamverw-130-82-25-24.unisg.ch:7779/acc>
+            ]
+        ]
+    ].
+
+#### Send Agreement Action Specification ####
+ex:agreeActionSpecification a ex:agentAMessageEndpointShape ;
+	sh:class hmas:ActionExecution, dul:Action ;
+    sh:property [
+      sh:path hmas:hasInput ;
+      sh:qualifiedValueShape ex:agreeMessageSpecification ;
+      sh:qualifiedMinCount 1 ;
+      sh:qualifiedMaxCount 1
+    ], [
+      sh:path dul:isActionIncludedIn ;
+      sh:qualifiedValueShape [ sh:class fipa:RequestInteractionProtocolEnactment, dul:PlanExecution ] ;
+      sh:qualifiedMinCount 0 ;
+      sh:qualifiedMaxCount 1
+    ] .
+
+#### Send Refusal Action Specification ####
+ex:refuseActionSpecification a ex:agentAMessageEndpointShape ;
+	sh:class hmas:ActionExecution, dul:Action ;
+    sh:property [
+      sh:path hmas:hasInput ;
+      sh:qualifiedValueShape ex:refuseMessageSpecification ;
+      sh:qualifiedMinCount 1 ;
+      sh:qualifiedMaxCount 1
+    ], [
+      sh:path dul:isActionIncludedIn ;
+      sh:qualifiedValueShape [ sh:class fipa:RequestInteractionProtocolEnactment, dul:PlanExecution ] ;
+      sh:qualifiedMinCount 0 ;
+      sh:qualifiedMaxCount 1
+    ] .
+
+#### Agree Message Specification ####
+ex:agreeMessageSpecification a fipa:ACLMessageStructure ;
+  sh:class fipa:ACLMessage ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasReceiver ; # specifies itself as the receiver
+    sh:hasValue ex:agentA ;
+    sh:minCount 1;
+    sh:maxCount 1;
+  ] ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasSender ; # specifies that the sender should be an agent
+    sh:class hmas:Agent;
+    sh:minCount 1;
+    sh:maxCount 1;
+  ] ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasPerformative ; # specifies that the performative should be fipa:agree
+    sh:hasValue fipa:agree;
+    sh:minCount 1;
+    sh:maxCount 1;
+  ] ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasContent ; # specifies that the content should be an action execution specification
+    sh:minQualifiedShape 1 ;
+    sh:maxQualifiedShape 1 ;
+    sh:qualifiedValueShape [ sh:class hmas:ActionExecution ]
+  ] ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasLanguage ;
+    sh:hasValue fipa:FIPASL ; # specifies that the content should be expressed in the FIPA SL Content Language
+    sh:minCount 1;
+    sh:maxCount 1;
+  ] .
+
+#### Refuse Message Specification ####
+ex:refuseMessageSpecification a fipa:ACLMessageStructure ;
+  sh:class fipa:ACLMessage ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasReceiver ; # specifies itself as the receiver
+    sh:hasValue ex:agentA ;
+    sh:minCount 1;
+    sh:maxCount 1;
+  ] ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasSender ; # specifies that the sender should be an agent
+    sh:class hmas:Agent;
+    sh:minCount 1;
+    sh:maxCount 1;
+  ] ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasPerformative ; # specifies that the performative should be fipa:refuse
+    sh:hasValue fipa:refuse;
+    sh:minCount 1;
+    sh:maxCount 1;
+  ] ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasContent ; # specifies that the content should be an action execution specification
+    sh:minQualifiedShape 1 ;
+    sh:maxQualifiedShape 1 ;
+    sh:qualifiedValueShape [ sh:class hmas:ActionExecution ]
+  ] ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasLanguage ;
+    sh:hasValue fipa:FIPASL ; # specifies that the content should be expressed in the FIPA SL Content Language
+    sh:minCount 1;
+    sh:maxCount 1;
+  ] .
+
+#### Agent B's profile (the agent can perform actions upon requests) ####
+
+ex:agentBProfile a fipa:AgentDescription ;
+  hmas:isProfileOf ex:agentB ;
+  hmas:exposesSignifier ex:requestable .
+
+ex:agentB a hmas:Agent .
+
+ex:requestable a hmas:Signifier ;
+      hmas:signifies  ex:requestActionSpecification .
+
+#### Send Request Action Specification ####
+ex:requestActionSpecification a sh:NodeShape ;
+	sh:class hmas:ActionExecution, dul:Action ;
+    sh:property [
+        sh:path prov:used ;
+        sh:minQualifiedShape 1 ;
+        sh:maxQualifiedShape 1 ;
+        sh:qualifiedValueShape [
+            sh:class hctl:Form ;
+            sh:property [
+                sh:path hctl:forSubprotocol ;
+                sh:minCount 1 ;
+                sh:maxCount 1 ;
+                sh:hasValue "fipa.mts.mtp.http.std" # identifier of the FIPA Agent Message Transport Protocol for HTTP Specification
+            ], [
+                sh:path htv:methodName ;
+                sh:minCount 1 ;
+                sh:maxCount 1 ;
+                sh:hasValue "POST"
+            ], [
+                sh:path hctl:hasTarget ;
+                sh:minCount 1 ;
+                sh:maxCount 1 ;
+                sh:hasValue  <http://eduroamverw-130-82-25-24.unisg.ch:7778/acc>
+            ]
+        ]
+    ], [
+      sh:path hmas:hasInput ;
+      sh:qualifiedValueShape ex:requestMessageSpecification ;
+      sh:qualifiedMinCount 1 ;
+      sh:qualifiedMaxCount 1
+    ], [
+      sh:path dul:isActionIncludedIn ;
+      sh:qualifiedValueShape [ sh:class fipa:RequestInteractionProtocolEnactment, dul:PlanExecution ] ;
+      sh:qualifiedMinCount 0 ;
+      sh:qualifiedMaxCount 1
+    ] .
+
+#### Request Message Specification
+ex:requestMessageSpecification a fipa:ACLMessageStructure ;
+  sh:class fipa:ACLMessage ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasReceiver ; # specifies itself as the receiver
+    sh:hasValue ex:agentB ;
+    sh:minCount 1;
+    sh:maxCount 1;
+  ] ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasSender ; # specifies that the sender should be an agent
+    sh:class hmas:Agent;
+    sh:minCount 1;
+    sh:maxCount 1;
+  ] ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasPerformative ; # specifies that the performative should be fipa:request
+    sh:hasValue fipa:request;
+    sh:minCount 1;
+    sh:maxCount 1;
+  ] ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasContent ; # specifies that the content should be an action execution specification
+    sh:minQualifiedShape 1 ;
+    sh:maxQualifiedShape 1 ;
+    sh:qualifiedValueShape [ sh:class hmas:ActionExecution ]
+  ] ;
+  sh:property [
+    sh:path fipa:hasLanguage ;
+    sh:hasValue fipa:FIPASL ; # specifies that the content should be expressed in the FIPA SL Content Language
+    sh:minCount 1;
+    sh:maxCount 1;
+  ] .

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/q1.csv

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+signifier
+http://example.org/requestable

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/q1.rq

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+prefix hmas: <https://purl.org/hmas/>
+prefix ex: <http://example.org/>
+prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>
+prefix fipa: <http://ns.hyperagents.org/fipa#>
+
+select ?signifier
+where {
+    ex:agentBProfile hmas:exposesSignifier ?signifier .
+    ?signifier hmas:signifies ?actionExecutionSpec .
+    ?actionExecutionSpec sh:property [
+        sh:path hmas:hasInput ;
+        sh:qualifiedValueShape [ sh:class fipa:ACLMessage ]
+    ] .
+}
+order by ?signifier

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/q2.csv

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+actionExecutionSpec
+http://example.org/requestActionSpecification

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/q2.rq

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+prefix hmas: <https://purl.org/hmas/>
+prefix ex: <http://example.org/>
+
+select ?actionExecutionSpec
+where {
+    ex:requestable hmas:signifies ?actionExecutionSpec .
+}
+order by ?actionExecutionSpec

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/q3.csv

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+inputSpec
+http://example.org/requestMessageSpecification

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/q3.rq

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+prefix hmas: <https://purl.org/hmas/>
+prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>
+prefix ex: <http://example.org/>
+
+select ?inputSpec
+where {
+    ex:requestActionSpecification sh:property ?propertySpec .
+    ?propertySpec sh:path hmas:hasInput ;
+                  sh:qualifiedValueShape ?inputSpec .
+}
+order by ?inputSpec

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/q4.csv

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+inputType
+http://ns.hyperagents.org/fipa#ACLMessage

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/q4.rq

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+prefix hmas: <https://purl.org/hmas/>
+prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>
+prefix ex: <http://example.org/>
+
+select ?inputType
+where {
+    ex:requestActionSpecification sh:property ?propertySpec .
+    ?propertySpec sh:path hmas:hasInput ;
+                  sh:qualifiedValueShape ?inputSpec .
+    ?inputSpec sh:class ?inputType .
+}
+order by ?inputType

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/q5.csv

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+inputProperty
+http://ns.hyperagents.org/fipa#hasContent
+http://ns.hyperagents.org/fipa#hasLanguage
+http://ns.hyperagents.org/fipa#hasPerformative
+http://ns.hyperagents.org/fipa#hasReceiver
+http://ns.hyperagents.org/fipa#hasSender

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/q5.rq

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prefix hmas: <https://purl.org/hmas/>
+prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>
+prefix ex: <http://example.org/>
+
+select ?inputProperty
+where {
+    ex:requestActionSpecification sh:property ?propertySpec .
+    ?propertySpec sh:path hmas:hasInput ;
+                  sh:qualifiedValueShape ?inputSpec .
+    ?inputSpec sh:property ?inputPropertySpec .
+    ?inputPropertySpec sh:path ?inputProperty .
+}
+order by ?inputProperty

domains/manufacturing-environments/discover-messaging-behavior-specifications/q6.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+subprotocol
+"fipa.mts.mtp.http.std"