Add transparency examples (bevyengine#3695)

Adds examples demonstrating transparency for 2d, 3d and UI.

Fixes bevyengine#3215.

Cargo.toml

@@ -171,6 +171,10 @@ path = "examples/2d/text2d.rs"
 name = "texture_atlas"
 path = "examples/2d/texture_atlas.rs"
 
+[[example]]
+name = "transparency_2d"
+path = "examples/2d/transparency_2d.rs"
+
 # 3D Rendering
 [[example]]
 name = "3d_scene"
@@ -228,6 +232,10 @@ path = "examples/3d/split_screen.rs"
 name = "texture"
 path = "examples/3d/texture.rs"
 
+[[example]]
+name = "transparency_3d"
+path = "examples/3d/transparency_3d.rs"
+
 [[example]]
 name = "two_passes"
 path = "examples/3d/two_passes.rs"
@@ -614,6 +622,10 @@ path = "examples/ui/text.rs"
 name = "text_debug"
 path = "examples/ui/text_debug.rs"
 
+[[example]]
+name = "transparency_ui"
+path = "examples/ui/transparency_ui.rs"
+
 [[example]]
 name = "ui"
 path = "examples/ui/ui.rs"

examples/2d/transparency_2d.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//! Demonstrates how to use transparency in 2D.
+//! Shows 3 bevy logos on top of each other, each with a different amount of transparency.
+
+use bevy::prelude::*;
+
+fn main() {
+    App::new()
+        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
+        .add_startup_system(setup)
+        .run();
+}
+
+fn setup(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
+    commands.spawn_bundle(Camera2dBundle::default());
+
+    let sprite_handle = asset_server.load("branding/icon.png");
+
+    commands.spawn_bundle(SpriteBundle {
+        texture: sprite_handle.clone(),
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+    commands.spawn_bundle(SpriteBundle {
+        sprite: Sprite {
+            // Alpha channel of the color controls transparency.
+            color: Color::rgba(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.7),
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+        texture: sprite_handle.clone(),
+        transform: Transform::from_xyz(100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+    commands.spawn_bundle(SpriteBundle {
+        sprite: Sprite {
+            color: Color::rgba(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.3),
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+        texture: sprite_handle,
+        transform: Transform::from_xyz(200.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+}

examples/3d/transparency_3d.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+//! Demonstrates how to use transparency in 3D.
+//! Shows the effects of different blend modes.
+//! The `fade_transparency` system smoothly changes the transparency over time.
+
+use bevy::prelude::*;
+
+fn main() {
+    App::new()
+        .insert_resource(Msaa { samples: 4 })
+        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
+        .add_startup_system(setup)
+        .add_system(fade_transparency)
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct FadeTransparency;
+
+fn setup(
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
+    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
+) {
+    // Opaque plane
+    commands.spawn_bundle(PbrBundle {
+        mesh: meshes.add(Mesh::from(shape::Plane { size: 6.0 })),
+        material: materials.add(Color::rgb(0.3, 0.5, 0.3).into()),
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+    // transparent sphere, using alpha_mode: Mask
+    commands.spawn_bundle(PbrBundle {
+        mesh: meshes.add(Mesh::from(shape::Icosphere {
+            radius: 0.5,
+            subdivisions: 3,
+        })),
+        material: materials.add(StandardMaterial {
+            // Alpha channel of the color controls transparency.
+            // We set it to 0.0 here, because it will be changed over time in the
+            // `fade_transparency` function.
+            // Note that the transparency has no effect on the objects shadow.
+            base_color: Color::rgba(0.2, 0.7, 0.1, 0.0),
+            // Maks sets a cutoff for transparency. Alpha values below are fully transparent,
+            // alpha values above are fully opaque.
+            alpha_mode: AlphaMode::Mask(0.5),
+            ..default()
+        }),
+        transform: Transform::from_xyz(1.0, 0.5, -1.5),
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+    // transparent cube, using alpha_mode: Blend
+    commands.spawn_bundle(PbrBundle {
+        mesh: meshes.add(Mesh::from(shape::Cube { size: 1.0 })),
+        // Notice how there is no need to set the `alpha_mode` explicitly here.
+        // When converting a color to a material using `into()`, the alpha mode is
+        // automatically set to `Blend` if the alpha channel is anything lower than 1.0.
+        material: materials.add(Color::rgba(0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0).into()),
+        transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.5, 0.0),
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+    // sphere
+    commands.spawn_bundle(PbrBundle {
+        mesh: meshes.add(Mesh::from(shape::Icosphere {
+            radius: 0.5,
+            subdivisions: 3,
+        })),
+        material: materials.add(Color::rgb(0.7, 0.2, 0.1).into()),
+        transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.5, -1.5),
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+    // light
+    commands.spawn_bundle(PointLightBundle {
+        point_light: PointLight {
+            intensity: 1500.0,
+            shadows_enabled: true,
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+        transform: Transform::from_xyz(4.0, 8.0, 4.0),
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+    // camera
+    commands.spawn_bundle(Camera3dBundle {
+        transform: Transform::from_xyz(-2.0, 3.0, 5.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+}
+
+/// Fades the alpha channel of all materials between 0 and 1 over time.
+/// Each blend mode responds differently to this:
+/// - `Opaque`: Ignores alpha channel altogether, these materials stay completely opaque.
+/// - `Mask(f32)`: Object appears when the alpha value goes above the mask's threshold, disappears
+///                when the alpha value goes back below the threshold.
+/// - `Blend`: Object fades in and out smoothly.
+pub fn fade_transparency(time: Res<Time>, mut materials: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>) {
+    let alpha = (time.time_since_startup().as_secs_f32().sin() / 2.0) + 0.5;
+    for (_, material) in materials.iter_mut() {
+        material.base_color.set_a(alpha);
+    }
+}

examples/README.md

@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ Example | File | Description
 `sprite_flipping` | [`2d/sprite_flipping.rs`](./2d/sprite_flipping.rs) | Renders a sprite flipped along an axis
 `texture_atlas` | [`2d/texture_atlas.rs`](./2d/texture_atlas.rs) | Generates a texture atlas (sprite sheet) from individual sprites
 `rotation` | [`2d/rotation.rs`](./2d/rotation.rs) | Demonstrates rotating entities in 2D with quaternions
+`transparency_2d` | [`2d/transparency_2d.rs`](./2d/transparency_2d.rs) | Demonstrates transparency in 2d
 
 ## 3D Rendering
 
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ Example | File | Description
 `spherical_area_lights` | [`3d/spherical_area_lights.rs`](./3d/spherical_area_lights.rs) | Demonstrates how point light radius values affect light behavior.
 `split_screen` | [`3d/split_screen.rs`](./3d/split_screen.rs) | Demonstrates how to render two cameras to the same window to accomplish "split screen".
 `texture` | [`3d/texture.rs`](./3d/texture.rs) | Shows configuration of texture materials
+`transparency_3d` | [`3d/transparency_3d.rs`](./3d/transparency_3d.rs) | Demonstrates transparency in 3d
 `two_passes` | [`3d/two_passes.rs`](./3d/two_passes.rs) | Renders two 3d passes to the same window from different perspectives.
 `update_gltf_scene` | [`3d/update_gltf_scene.rs`](./3d/update_gltf_scene.rs) | Update a scene from a gltf file, either by spawning the scene as a child of another entity, or by accessing the entities of the scene
 `vertex_colors` | [`3d/vertex_colors.rs`](./3d/vertex_colors.rs) | Shows the use of vertex colors
@@ -309,6 +311,7 @@ Example | File | Description
 `font_atlas_debug` | [`ui/font_atlas_debug.rs`](./ui/font_atlas_debug.rs) | Illustrates how FontAtlases are populated (used to optimize text rendering internally)
 `text` | [`ui/text.rs`](./ui/text.rs) | Illustrates creating and updating text
 `text_debug` | [`ui/text_debug.rs`](./ui/text_debug.rs) | An example for debugging text layout
+`transparency_ui` | [`ui/transparency_ui.rs`](./ui/transparency_ui.rs) | Demonstrates transparency for UI
 `ui` | [`ui/ui.rs`](./ui/ui.rs) | Illustrates various features of Bevy UI
 
 ## Window

examples/ui/transparency_ui.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+//! Demonstrates how to use transparency with UI.
+//! Shows two colored buttons with transparent text.
+
+use bevy::prelude::*;
+
+fn main() {
+    App::new()
+        .insert_resource(ClearColor(Color::BLACK))
+        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
+        .add_startup_system(setup)
+        .run();
+}
+
+fn setup(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
+    commands.spawn_bundle(Camera2dBundle::default());
+
+    let font_handle = asset_server.load("fonts/FiraSans-Bold.ttf");
+
+    commands
+        .spawn_bundle(ButtonBundle {
+            style: Style {
+                size: Size::new(Val::Px(150.0), Val::Px(65.0)),
+                margin: UiRect::all(Val::Auto),
+                justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
+                align_items: AlignItems::Center,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            color: Color::rgb(0.1, 0.5, 0.1).into(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .with_children(|parent| {
+            parent.spawn_bundle(TextBundle {
+                text: Text::with_section(
+                    "Button 1",
+                    TextStyle {
+                        font: font_handle.clone(),
+                        font_size: 40.0,
+                        // Alpha channel of the color controls transparency.
+                        color: Color::rgba(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.2),
+                    },
+                    Default::default(),
+                ),
+                ..Default::default()
+            });
+        });
+
+    // Button with a different color,
+    // to demonstrate the text looks different due to its transparency.
+    commands
+        .spawn_bundle(ButtonBundle {
+            style: Style {
+                size: Size::new(Val::Px(150.0), Val::Px(65.0)),
+                margin: UiRect::all(Val::Auto),
+                justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
+                align_items: AlignItems::Center,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            color: Color::rgb(0.5, 0.1, 0.5).into(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .with_children(|parent| {
+            parent.spawn_bundle(TextBundle {
+                text: Text::with_section(
+                    "Button 2",
+                    TextStyle {
+                        font: font_handle.clone(),
+                        font_size: 40.0,
+                        // Alpha channel of the color controls transparency.
+                        color: Color::rgba(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.2),
+                    },
+                    Default::default(),
+                ),
+                ..Default::default()
+            });
+        });
+}