Add Debian VM (and improve other Vagrant files) #18044

Job	Run time
CHANGELOG.md	14s
CHANGELOG.md - only unreleased touched	19s
Checkstyle	2m 10s
Code coverage	30s
Database tests	2m 51s
Validate Gradle Wrapper	4s
GUI tests	1m 21s
Markdown	6s
Find merge conflicts	3s
OpenRewrite	2m 7s
Modernizer	1m 1s
Source branch is other than "main"	1s
Unit tests	55s
	11m 42s

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