Add Fix{N} for fixing a single positional argument at any position

[MilesCranmer]

Adds JuliaLang/julia#54653.

Fixes #828.

julia> using Compat: Fix

julia> map(Fix{3}(muladd, 1.0), 1:3, 4:6)
3-element Vector{Float64}:
  5.0
 11.0
 19.0

---

Multiple dispatch: This is a bit of an edge case, and presumably many functions in Compat are like this, but since Fix1 is broadly used:

Note that even with this PR, Compat.Fix{1} is not the same as Base.Fix1 on Julia versions earlier than 1.12.0-DEV.966. Therefore, if you wish to use this as a way to dispatch on Fix{N} for libraries compatible with Julia earlier than v1.12, you should declare a function both for Compat.Fix{1} as well as Base.Fix1. You can do this with a

@static if !isdefined(Base, :Fix)
    #= Declare additional methods for Compat.Fix =#
end

[mcabbott]

LGTM, but I don't have merge rights.

[MilesCranmer]

@martinholters would you be willing to take a look

[martinholters]

Note that even with this PR, Compat.Fix{1} is not the same as Base.Fix1 on Julia versions earlier than 1.12.0-DEV.966. Therefore, if you wish to use this as a way to dispatch on Fix{N} for libraries compatible with Julia earlier than v1.12, you should declare a function both for Compat.Fix{1} as well as Base.Fix1.

Should this be documented somewhere more findable than the PR description?

Apart from that LGTM.

[MilesCranmer]

Should this be documented somewhere more findable than the PR description?

I’ll add it to the docs for the function

[MilesCranmer]

Done.

[martinholters]

LGTM. Barring objections, I'll merge this and #830 tomorrow and tag a new version.

[MilesCranmer]

Great, thanks!