Fletch is component of Kitware's computer vision KWIVER Project. Its purpose is to make it a little easier to use the various open source projects that are KWIVER dependencies. Fletch is a pure CMake project. It does not provide any actual functionality beyond encoding the knowledge of how to obtain, configure, and build a large collection of external projects. Fletch bootstraps a computer vision software development environment by configuring various external projects to all work together nicely. Furthermore it provides this environment in a standard way across platforms: Linux, MacOS, and Windows.

Some of the bigger projects that Fletch builds are

• OpenCV
• VXL
• VTK
• Qt
• Ceres Solver
• Boost
• Eigen

Additionally, Fletch builds other projects required by the above such as

• libpng
• libtiff
• libjpeg
• HDF5
• FFmpeg
• GLog
• GFlags
• SuiteSparse

For a complete and up to date list of packages see CMake/fletch-tarballs.cmake.

Motivation

When building large and complex projects it can be difficult to obtain all the required dependent libraries and get them to build and work together. Many of the projects in the first list above depend on many of the projects in the second list above. If you naively build OpenCV and VXL, for example, each may provide its own copy of libjpeg, libtiff, etc. This is not a problem for the individual projects, but when you try to build a project, like KWIVER, against both of them you end up with conflicts from linking to multiple versions of the same library.

These same problems are addressed by package managers in Linux distributions and projects like MacPorts and Homebrew on MacOS. However, each package manager has its own versions of each of the packages and these are specific to the package manager and to the operating system. If we make KWIVER build against Ubuntu 20.04 packages it might not build against the packaged versions provided by RHEL or even another version of Ubuntu. Furthermore, building on Windows with Visual Studio is a challenge because there is no standard package manager for Windows.

Fletch solves the above problem for KWIVER using CMake. It provides a cross-platform way to get a standardized collection of open source projects working together with the same versions on any OS. Fletch is not quite a cross-platform package manager, but it aims to fill that role for a specific set of C++ and Python packages commonly used in Computer Vision. To do this, the Fletch CMake system makes heavy use of CMake's ExternalProject module.

Overview of Directories

CMake	contains the CMake code to obtain and configure the projects
Patches	contains the patches to apply to the downloaded source code
Downloads	contains downloaded tarballs of Fletch supported projects

Using the Fletch Docker Image

Kitware maintains a Docker image with Fletch prebuilt. The Dockerfile used to build the image can be found here

Pull the image from Dockerhub:

"docker pull kitware/fletch:latest" (master)
               or
"docker pull kitware/fletch:release" (release version)

(https://hub.docker.com/r/kitware/fletch)

or build the Fletch image using the dockerfile:

"docker build -t fletch:tagname ."

Building Fletch

Building Fletch results in a set of inter-compatable shared libraries suitable for use in downstream applications - with the primary consumer being KWIVER. Using the CMake configuration, the user specifies which libraries to build, and Fletch tries to ensure that the chosen set is compatible.

Dependencies

On Linux systems, install the following packages before building Fletch:

# The following example uses the Ubuntu (version 20.04 or newer) apt-get package manager.
# These command may differ depending on your Linux flavor and package manager
sudo apt-get install build-essential libgl1-mesa-dev
sudo apt-get install libexpat1-dev
sudo apt-get install liblapack-dev
sudo apt-get install python3.8-dev

# If you are using a RHEL-based system, e.g. RedHat, CentOS or Fedora
# and enabling GDAL you might need to install redhat-rpm-config.
{dnf|yum} install redhat-rpm-config

Fletch uses CMake for easy cross-platform compilation. The minimum required version of CMake is 3.15, but newer versions are strongly recommended.

Currently, a compiler with at least C++17 support is expected (e.g. GCC 11). KWIVER requires at least C++17; however, Fletch may compile with older compilers.

CMake Options

Fletch provides CMake options to individually enable each project you build. Some projects will require other projects to be enabled. Unless you are looking for a minimal build, the best way to get started is to set fletch_ENABLE_ALL_PACKAGES to ON and run the CMake configure step to enable all packages. You can then individually turn off packages you don't want by using the CMake GUI with the command ccmake ., described below. It is also useful to enable fletch_BUILD_WITH_PYTHON unless you only want the C++ libraries built.

CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE	The compiler mode, usually Debug or Release
fletch_ENABLE_ALL_PACKAGES	Turn all packages on (you can turn some back off later)
fletch_BUILD_WITH_PYTHON	Build all the packages with Python support
fletch_BUILD_CXX11	Build using C++11 compiler options. This is required for KWIVER.
fletch_DOWNLOAD_DIR	This is where Fletch will cache downloaded source source code tarballs (default is src/Downloads)
fletch_BUILD_WITH_CUDA	Build projects that support it with CUDA
fletch_ENABLE_ package	Enables the named package for building

Running CMake

You may run cmake directly from a shell or cmd window. On unix systems, the ccmake tool allows for interactive selection of CMake options. Available for all platforms, the CMake GUI can set the source and build directories, options, "Configure" and "Generate" the build files all with the click of a few button. When running the cmake gui, we also recommend to select the 'Grouped' and 'Advanced' options to better organize the options available.

We recommend building Fletch out of the source directory to prevent mixing source files with compiled products. Create a build directory in parallel with the Fletch source directory for each desired configuration. For example :

\fletch\src	contains the code from the git repository
\fletch\build\rel	contains the built files for the release configuration
\fletch\build\deb	contains the built files for the debug configuration

Note

Windows users, there is a known issue in Qt that will cause a build error if you name a build folder 'release' or 'debug'. Also, when building Qt5 on Windows, if the path to the QT base directory is 63 or more characters, a build error will occur.

Linux users who build FFmpeg and OpenCV together might experience an issue linking to libavcodec. To allow OpenCV to link to FFmpeg, export LD_LIBRARY_PATH to include Fletch's install/lib directory, e.g. export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/user1/fletch/bld/install/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Linux users building QT 5 should also se the LD_LIBRARY_PATH directory this way so that the Qt build tools work properly.

The recommended CMake configuration is to enable all packages and, if desired, python.

If you are using ccmake or the CMake GUI, * Set the source and build locations * Check the option for fletch_ENABLE_ALL_PACKAGES and, if desired, fletch_BUILD_WITH_PYTHON * Disable any packages that are not needed prior to configuring and generating the build files * Configure * Generate the build files

Running from a shell or cmd window:

mkdir fletch
cd fletch

# Pull the source into a sub-folder 'src'
git clone https://github.com/Kitware/fletch.git src

# Create a folder to build in
mkdir build/rel
cd build/rel

# Note you need to provide cmake the source directory at the end (relative or absolute)
# Run CMake (it will use the system default compiler if you don't provide options or use the CMake GUI)
# Also, if using visual studio, you do no need to provide the build type
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -Dfletch_ENABLE_ALL_PACKAGES=ON -Dfletch_BUILD_WITH_PYTHON=ON ../../src

# Again, python is a very popular option, but it is optional

# If you wish to turn off a package, for example VTK, you would do it this way
cmake -Dfletch_ENABLE_VTK=OFF ../../src

On Linux/OSX/MinGW, execute make

For MSVC users, open the generated fletch.sln and build the project in the configuration associated with the build folder. Even though MSVC supports building multiple configurations, you should only build one configuration per build folder. If you need multiple configurations you should create multiple sub-folders and repeat the above instructions for each configuration. Also If you enable Python, please ensure that python is on your Windows PATH

Getting Help

Fletch is a component of Kitware's collection of open source tools. Please join the fletch-users mailing list to discuss Fletch or to ask for help with using Fletch.

If you experience a build failure, please create an issue on GitHub and include the following information

1. Your operating system with exact version.
2. Your compiler's exact version.
3. The CMake version you are using.
4. The complete build log, preferably run with a single core after the build has failed.
5. Details of exactly which CMake options were changed from the default.

Troubleshooting

1. MSVC users may experience build issues with Boost after upgrading their version of Visual Studio. When a Boost build fails, one will find the file Boost.Configure.BCP.Build_out.txt in the build directory. The symptoms of this issue involve output in that file like 'cl' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. The issue comes from Boost caching its version of b2_msvc_*_vcvars*.cmd. To resolve this issue, you will need to delete those files which are typically located in C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Temp. Any file named b2_msvc* should be moved out of the way so Boost can generate a new version based on the updated Visual Studio version. Once those files have regenerated and Boost successfully builds, it is safe to delete those files.