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Electronic speed controllers (ESCs) are used in robotics applications to control the speed of motors. The most basic ESCs use a PWM signal to drive MOSFET gates that control current to motor coils in a specific sequence. The faster the sequence goes, the faster the motor spins. More advanced ESCs will have CANbus or other interfaces that allows applications to have more precise control over ESC settings and features. Some examples of common ESCs are given below

BlueRobotics Basic ESC	REV Robotics SparkMAX ESC	Flipsky VESC
From BlueRobotics	From REV Robotics	From Flipsky

Basic ESCs that use PWM signals are good for simplistic applications where the motor just needs to rotate at a speed and does not need any special algorithms running on the ESC itself. More advanced ESCs like the SparkMAX and VESC are useful for complex applications because their