Swift Fundamentals

Welcome to the Swift Fundamentals repository! This repository is designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to the basic concepts of Swift programming. Whether you're a beginner looking to learn the fundamentals or an experienced developer brushing up on your skills, you'll find valuable information and examples here.

Table of Contents

1. Variables
2. Types of Variables
3. Optionals & Unwrap
4. Loops
5. Functions
6. Classes & Structs
7. Conditional Statements
8. Guard Statement
9. Enums & Switchs

Variables

In Swift, variables are used to store and manage data. Learn about the various data types and how to declare and use variables effectively.

// Example of declaring a variable
var myVariable: Int = 42

Types of Variables

Swift provides a rich set of data types. Explore the different types of variables, including integers, floating-point numbers, strings, and more.

// Example of different variable types
var age: Int = 25
var temperature: Double = 98.6
var name: String = "John Doe"

Optionals & Unwrap

Understanding optionals is crucial in Swift. Learn how to handle situations where a variable may or may not have a value, and master the art of safely unwrapping optionals.

// Example of using optionals and unwrap
var optionalValue: Int? = 10
if let unwrappedValue = optionalValue {
    print("The value is \(unwrappedValue)")
} else {
    print("The optional is nil")
}

Loops

Loops are essential for repetitive tasks. Explore different types of loops in Swift, such as for-in and while, and see how they can be used in various scenarios.

// Example of a for-in loop
for i in 1...5 {
    print("Iteration \(i)")
}

Functions

Functions allow you to organize your code into reusable blocks. Learn how to define and call functions, pass parameters, and return values.

// Example of a simple function
func greet(name: String) -> String {
    return "Hello, \(name)!"
}
print(greet(name: "Swift Developer"))

Classes & Structs

Swift supports both classes and structs for creating custom data types. Explore object-oriented programming concepts and learn how to define and use classes and structs.

// Example of a class and struct
class Person {
    var name: String
    var age: Int

    init(name: String, age: Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    }
}

struct Point {
    var x: Double
    var y: Double
}

Conditional Statements

Conditional statements are used to make decisions in your code. Explore how to use if statements, else statements, and else-if statements to control the flow of your Swift program.

// Example of using if statement
let temperature = 25
if temperature > 30 {
    print("It's a hot day!")
} else if temperature < 10 {
    print("It's a cold day!")
} else {
    print("The weather is moderate.")
}

Guard Statement

The guard statement is a powerful tool for enhancing code readability and ensuring that certain conditions are met. Learn how to use guard statements to gracefully handle scenarios where conditions are not satisfied.

// Example of using guard statement
func processOrder(order: String?) {
    guard let unwrappedOrder = order else {
        print("Invalid order.")
        return
    }
    // Process the order
    print("Processing order: \(unwrappedOrder)")
}

Enums & Switch

Enums (enumerations) and switch statements are essential for handling different cases in your Swift code. Explore how to define enums and use switch statements to handle various scenarios.

// Example of using enums and switch
enum Direction {
    case north
    case south
    case east
    case west
}

func getDirectionDescription(direction: Direction) -> String {
    switch direction {
    case .north:
        return "Facing north"
    case .south:
        return "Facing south"
    case .east:
        return "Facing east"
    case .west:
        return "Facing west"
    }
}

Feel free to explore each section, run the provided examples in a Swift playground, and build upon them to deepen your understanding of Swift fundamentals. Happy coding! 🚀