Migrate Crypto Upgrades from #153

[bhgomes]

Signed-off-by: Brandon H. Gomes bhgomes@pm.me

Changed Interfaces

• manta_crypto::accumulator: Add Types base-trait for accumulator constructions. Now MembershipProof depends only on M: Types instead of M: Model<COM> so we can remove the compiler parameter and also add standard derive impls
• manta_crypto::algebra: Rewrites the Group trait into the following set of traits Group, Ring, ScalarMul, ScalarMulGroup, and HasGenerator
• manta_crypto::constraint: Replace ProofSystemInput with the Input/HasInput trait-pair (Input for implementation and HasInput for introspection)
• manta_crypto::eclair::num: Expand Zero and One traits to match standard traits (including zero and one functions respectively)
• manta_crypto::permutation::duplex: Add custom Plaintext and Ciphertext types to duplex encryption since Vec<PlaintextBlock> and Vec<CiphertextBlock> will not work (these are not fixed-size and cannot be allocated in the unknown case) we force the implementer to handle this instead of providing a half-solution. We also fix Poseidion encryption to handle this new correct allocation story

New Implementations or Removed Unused Code

Cryptography manta_crypto

• accumulator: Remove unused ItemHashAccumulatorModel
• accumulator: Remove unused are_independent from Accumulator
• arkworks::ff: Add try_into_XXX integer conversion methods from F: PrimeField (with testing suite)
• constraint::measure: Add Measure implementation for () the native compiler (currently no operations have a cost in this model, we can revisit this)
• constraint::measure: Add print_measurement helper function to wrap any ECLAIR function call and print out it's measured size
• eclair: Add Type introspection for the Has trait
• eclair::alloc: Add Constant implementations for bool, [T; N], Vec<T>, Box<[T]>, Array<T, N>, and BoxArray<T, N>
• eclair::alloc: Add Variable implementations for Box<T>, [T; N], Array<T>, BoxArray<T>
• eclair::alloc: Generalize Allocate interface
• eclair::bool: Implement Assert for ()
• eclair::bool: Add ConditionalSelect implementations for native integer types
• eclair::cmp: Add PartialEq implementations for native integer types and for Vec<T>, Box<[T]>, Array<T, N>, BoxArray<T, N>
• eclair::num: Add Zero and One implementations for integer types, UnsignedInteger and arkworks backend variables
• eclair::num: Add PartialEq, ConditionalSelect, ConditionalSwap and Variable implementations for UnsignedInteger
• encryption: Add encryption::EmptyHeader type for encryption schemes with no headers
• encryption: Add Encode and constraint::Input implementations to encryption::EncryptedMessage
• encryption::hybrid: Add Variable implementation to hybrid::Randomness, hybrid::Ciphertext
• encryption::hybrid: Add Encode and constraint::Input implementations to hybrid::Ciphertext
• permutation::duplex: Add Variable, PartialEq, Encode, and constraint::Input implementations to duplex::Ciphertext
• permutation::duplex: Add Constant and Sample implementations to duplex::Duplexer
• rand: Add Sample implementations for PhantomData and ()
• signature: Add more type aliases for signature schemes
• signature::convert: Add signature message converters
• signature::schnorr: Add HasGenerator implementation to Schnorr signature and simplify type bounds

Accounting manta_accounting

• transfer: Removed the is_independent_from methods for Sender/Receiver (unused)

Utilities manta_util

• bytes: Move AsBytes to manta_util
• codec: Add more Encode implementations for native types
• convert: Add Field and Variant introspection accessors
• cmp: Add Independence relation which is a more general kind of non-equivalence relation. We will use it to distinguish between the kind of equivalence relation that checks if two nullifiers are strictly equal or their spend-receipt parts are equal (in the new protocol the Nullifier = (commitment, outgoing_note) and only the commitment is used to check the spend criterion so the independence relation checks if two commitments are unequal)
• iter: Add Iterable extension traits for borrowed-iteration abstractions

Miscelanous Updates

• Expanded CI contexts
• Expanded NonNative trait docs
• Upgraded clap, serde and anyhow
• Downgraded bip32 (v0.4.0 is incompatible with some node dependenices)

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Before we can merge this PR, please make sure that all the following items have been checked off:

• Linked to an issue with discussion and accepted design OR have an explanation in the PR that describes this work.
• Added one line describing your change in CHANGELOG.md and added the appropriate changelog label to the PR.
• Re-reviewed Files changed in the GitHub PR explorer.
• Checked that changes and commits conform to the standards outlined in CONTRIBUTING.md.
• Ran cargo hakari generate to update the workspace-hack system

[BoyuanFeng]

• TODO:
  • Add a parameter to DiffieHellman to support a generator with a different type than the public key group type
  • Add associated type to HasGenerator which returns a custom type

[SupremoUGH]

Just a small remark: I didn't fully understand the field_try_into macro defined in arkworks::ff, so please check with someone else that everything's correct there.

[SupremoUGH]

All my comments were addressed, approved.

[BoyuanFeng]

Only 1 minor typo.