[CircuitCheck] Run canonicalizer before checking

[boschmitt]

Description

CircuitCheck might failed if we don't canonicalize the IR before trying to build the unitary. This step is mainly to guarantee that operators parameters that are known at compilation time are defined by ArithDialect's constant operation. For example:

// CircuitCheck _cannot_ handle:
%cst = arith.constant 3.1415926535897931 : f64
%neg_cst = arith.negf %cst : f64
quake.rx |%neg_cst : f64| (%q0)

// CircuitCheck can handle:
%cst = arith.constant -3.1415926535897931 : f64
quake.rx |%cst : f64| (%q0)

This PR also:

• Improves error reporting
• Fixes the computation of global phase

[amccaskey]

Do you think there's a test that you could add showing the canonicalization working here for CircuitCheck? Overall LGTM

[boschmitt]

Do you think there's a test that you could add showing the canonicalization working here for CircuitCheck? Overall LGTM

I will open an issue to come up with CircuitCheck specific tests, now the tool is pretty much hand-tested. Canonicalization itself is tested in MLIR. The use of canonicalization in this tool will be put to test when checking if decompositions patters are correctly transforming the IR.