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【Hackathon 6th No.39】XPINN 迁移至 PaddleScience #849

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184 changes: 184 additions & 0 deletions docs/zh/examples/xpinns.md
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# Extended Physics-Informed Neural Networks (XPINNs)

=== "模型训练命令"

``` sh
# linux
wget -nc https://paddle-org.bj.bcebos.com/paddlescience/datasets/XPINN/XPINN_2D_PoissonEqn.mat -P ./data/

# windows
# curl https://paddle-org.bj.bcebos.com/paddlescience/datasets/XPINN/XPINN_2D_PoissonEqn.mat --output ./data/XPINN_2D_PoissonEqn.mat

python xpinn.py

```

## 1. 背景简介

求解偏微分方程(PDE)是一类基础的物理问题,随着人工智能技术的高速发展,利用深度学习求解偏微分方程成为新的研究趋势。[XPINNs(Extended Physics-Informed Neural Networks)](https://doi.org/10.4208/cicp.OA-2020-0164)是一种适用于物理信息神经网络(PINNs)的广义时空域分解方法,以求解任意复杂几何域上的非线性偏微分方程。

XPINNs 通过广义时空区域分解,有效地提高了模型的并行能力,并且支持高度不规则的、凸/非凸的时空域分解,界面条件是简单的。XPINNs 可扩展到任意类型的偏微分方程,而不论方程是何种物理性质。

精确求解高维复杂的方程已经成为科学计算的最大挑战之一,XPINNs 的优点使其成为模拟复杂方程的适用方法。

## 2. 问题定义

二维泊松方程:

$$ \Delta u = f(x, y), x,y \in \Omega \subset R^2$$

## 3. 问题求解

接下来开始讲解如何将问题一步一步地转化为 PaddleScience 代码,用深度学习的方法求解该问题。
为了快速理解 PaddleScience,接下来仅对模型构建、方程构建、计算域构建等关键步骤进行阐述,而其余细节请参考 [API文档](../api/arch.md)。

### 3.1 数据集下载

如下图所示,数据集包含计算域的三个子区域的数据:红色区域的边界和残差点;黄色区域的界面;以及绿色区域的界面。

<figure markdown>
![](https://ai-studio-static-online.cdn.bcebos.com/27ef9bddb0604ef58007f9be6a3364ac0336f476ac894233a6f6b1c97ab68c5c)
<figcaption>二维泊松方程的三个子区域</figcaption>
</figure>

计算域的边界表达式如下。

$$ \gamma =1.5+0.14 sin(4θ)+0.12 cos(6θ)+0.09 cos(5θ), θ \in [0,2π) $$

红色区域和黄色区域的界面的表达式如下。

$$ \gamma_1 =0.5+0.18 sin(3θ)+0.08 cos(2θ)+0.2 cos(5θ), θ \in [0,2π)$$

$$ \gamma_2 =0.34+0.04 sin(5θ)+0.18 cos(3θ)+0.1 cos(6θ), θ \in [0,2π) $$

执行以下命令,下载并解压数据集。

``` sh
wget -nc https://paddle-org.bj.bcebos.com/paddlescience/datasets/XPINN/XPINN_2D_PoissonEqn.mat -P ./data/
```

### 3.3 模型构建

在本问题中,我们使用神经网络 `MLP` 作为模型,在模型代码中定义三个 `MLP` ,分别作为三个子区域的模型。

``` py linenums="301"
--8<--
examples/xpinn/xpinn.py:301:302
--8<--
```

模型训练时,我们将使用 XPINN 方法分别计算每个子区域的模型损失。

<figure markdown>
![](https://ai-studio-static-online.cdn.bcebos.com/d30ac172809343c5ac9d2b44d3657efd8e30949fd8f44174bf6221e14c31f6bf)
<figcaption>XPINN子网络的训练过程</figcaption>
</figure>

### 3.4 约束构建

在本案例中,我们使用监督数据集对模型进行训练,因此需要构建监督约束。

在定义约束之前,我们需要指定数据集的路径等相关配置,将这些信息存放到对应的 YAML 文件中,如下所示。

``` yaml linenums="43"
--8<--
examples/xpinn/conf/xpinn.yaml:43:44
--8<--
```

接着定义训练损失函数的计算过程,调用 XPINN 方法计算损失,如下所示。

``` py linenums="130"
--8<--
examples/xpinn/xpinn.py:130:191
--8<--
```

最后构建监督约束,如下所示。

``` py linenums="304"
--8<--
examples/xpinn/xpinn.py:304:311
--8<--
```

### 3.5 超参数设定

设置训练轮数等参数,如下所示。

``` yaml linenums="83"
--8<--
examples/xpinn/conf/xpinn.yaml:83:88
--8<--
```

### 3.6 优化器构建

训练过程会调用优化器来更新模型参数,此处选择较为常用的 `Adam` 优化器。

``` py linenums="337"
--8<--
examples/xpinn/xpinn.py:337:338
--8<--
```

### 3.7 评估器构建

在训练过程中通常会按一定轮数间隔,用验证集(测试集)评估当前模型的训练情况,因此使用 `ppsci.validate.SupervisedValidator` 构建评估器。

``` py linenums="324"
--8<--
examples/xpinn/xpinn.py:324:335
--8<--
```

评估指标为预测结果和真实结果的 RMSE 值,这里需自定义指标计算函数,如下所示。

``` py linenums="194"
--8<--
examples/xpinn/xpinn.py:194:219
--8<--
```

### 3.8 模型训练

完成上述设置之后,只需要将上述实例化的对象按顺序传递给 `ppsci.solver.Solver`,然后启动训练。

``` py linenums="340"
--8<--
examples/xpinn/xpinn.py:340:357
--8<--
```

### 3.9 结果可视化

训练完毕之后程序会对测试集中的数据进行预测,并以图片的形式对结果进行可视化,如下所示。

``` py linenums="360"
--8<--
examples/xpinn/xpinn.py:360:384
--8<--
```

## 4. 完整代码

``` py linenums="1" title="cfdgcn.py"
--8<--
examples/xpinn/xpinn.py
--8<--
```

## 5. 结果展示

下方展示了对计算域中每个点的预测值结果、参考结果和相对误差。

<figure markdown>
![](https://ai-studio-static-online.cdn.bcebos.com/3f3b0dda860041009c7f87aae099871d85dc9694bd924608afa0af2c6101d37e)
<figcaption>预测结果和参考结果的对比</figcaption>
</figure>

可以看到模型预测结果与真实结果相近,若增大训练轮数,模型精度会进一步提高。

## 6. 参考文献

* [A.D.Jagtap, G.E.Karniadakis, Extended Physics-Informed Neural Networks (XPINNs): A Generalized Space-Time Domain Decomposition Based Deep Learning Framework for Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations, Commun. Comput. Phys., Vol.28, No.5, 2002-2041, 2020.](https://doi.org/10.4208/cicp.OA-2020-0164)
122 changes: 122 additions & 0 deletions examples/xpinn/conf/xpinn.yaml
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hydra:
run:
# dynamic output directory according to running time and override name
dir: outputs_xpinn/${now:%Y-%m-%d}/${now:%H-%M-%S}/${hydra.job.override_dirname}
job:
name: ${mode} # name of logfile
chdir: false # keep current working direcotry unchaned
config:
override_dirname:
exclude_keys:
- TRAIN.checkpoint_path
- TRAIN.pretrained_model_path
- EVAL.pretrained_model_path
- mode
- output_dir
- log_freq
callbacks:
init_callback:
_target_: ppsci.utils.callbacks.InitCallback
sweep:
# output directory for multirun
dir: ${hydra.run.dir}
subdir: ./

# general settings
mode: train # running mode: train/eval
seed: 134
output_dir: ${hydra:run.dir}
log_freq: 20

# model settings
MODEL:
num_boundary_points: 200 # Boundary points from subdomain 1
num_residual1_points: 5000 # Residual points in three subdomain 1
num_residual2_points: 1800 # Residual points in three subdomain 2
num_residual3_points: 1200 # Residual points in three subdomain 3
num_interface1: 100 # Interface points along the two interfaces
num_interface2: 100
layers1: [2, 30, 30, 1]
layers2: [2, 20, 20, 20, 20, 1]
layers3: [2, 25, 25, 25, 1]

# set training data file
DATA_FILE: "./data/XPINN_2D_PoissonEqn.mat"

# training settings
TRAIN:
input_keys:
[
"residual1_x",
"residual1_y",
"residual2_x",
"residual2_y",
"residual3_x",
"residual3_y",
"interface1_x",
"interface1_y",
"interface2_x",
"interface2_y",
"boundary_x",
"boundary_y",
]
label_keys: ["boundary_u_exact"]
alias_dict:
{
"residual1_x": "x_f1",
"residual1_y": "y_f1",
"residual2_x": "x_f2",
"residual2_y": "y_f2",
"residual3_x": "x_f3",
"residual3_y": "y_f3",
"interface1_x": "xi1",
"interface1_y": "yi1",
"interface2_x": "xi2",
"interface2_y": "yi2",
"boundary_x": "xb",
"boundary_y": "yb",
"boundary_u_exact": "ub",
"residual_u_exact": "u_exact",
"residual2_u_exact": "u_exact2",
"residual3_u_exact": "u_exact3",
}
epochs: 501
iters_per_epoch: 1
save_freq: 50
eval_during_train: true
eval_freq: 50
learning_rate: 0.0008
pretrained_model_path: null
checkpoint_path: null

# evaluation settings
EVAL:
label_keys:
[
"boundary_u_exact",
"residual_u_exact",
"residual2_u_exact",
"residual3_u_exact",
]
alias_dict:
{
"residual1_x": "x_f1",
"residual1_y": "y_f1",
"residual2_x": "x_f2",
"residual2_y": "y_f2",
"residual3_x": "x_f3",
"residual3_y": "y_f3",
"interface1_x": "xi1",
"interface1_y": "yi1",
"interface2_x": "xi2",
"interface2_y": "yi2",
"boundary_x": "xb",
"boundary_y": "yb",
"boundary_u_exact": "ub",
"residual_u_exact": "u_exact",
"residual2_u_exact": "u_exact2",
"residual3_u_exact": "u_exact3",
}
batch_size: 1
pretrained_model_path: null
eval_with_no_grad: false
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