Fix replace_block_with_op on operations with wrong number of qubits

[Cryoris]

Summary

Previously, DAGCircuit.replace_block_with_op allowed to place an
n-qubit operation onto a block of m qubits, leaving the DAG in an
invalid state. This behavior has been fixed, and the attempt will raise
a DAGCircuitError.

Details and comments

For example, this is currently possible:

from qiskit import transpile
from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit
from qiskit.converters import circuit_to_dag, dag_to_circuit
from qiskit.circuit.library import XGate

# i am fine
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.x(range(2))

# a bit of dag mutilation
dag = circuit_to_dag(qc)
to_replace = list(dag.op_nodes())
new_node = XGate()
idx_map = {node.qargs[0]: i for i, node in enumerate(to_replace)}
dag.replace_block_with_op(to_replace, new_node, idx_map)

# the result
midlifecrisis = dag_to_circuit(dag)
print(midlifecrisis)

# naturally breaks
tqc = transpile(midlifecrisis, basis_gates=["u", "cx"])
print(tqc)

which prints

     ┌────┐
q_0: ┤0   ├
     │  X │
q_1: ┤1   ├
     └────┘
# and then breaks upon transpilation

[qiskit-bot]

One or more of the following people are relevant to this code:

• @Qiskit/terra-core

[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 9615440134

Details

• 3 of 3 (100.0%) changed or added relevant lines in 2 files are covered.
• 4 unchanged lines in 1 file lost coverage.
• Overall coverage increased (+0.04%) to 89.759%

---

Files with Coverage Reduction	New Missed Lines	%
crates/qasm2/src/lex.rs	4	93.13%

Totals
Change from base Build 9614505164:	0.04%
Covered Lines:	63528
Relevant Lines:	70776

---

💛 - Coveralls

[ElePT]

The times of the good old multi-X gate are over.

[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 9647348633

Warning: This coverage report may be inaccurate.

This pull request's base commit is no longer the HEAD commit of its target branch. This means it includes changes from outside the original pull request, including, potentially, unrelated coverage changes.

• For more information on this, see Tracking coverage changes with pull request builds.
• To avoid this issue with future PRs, see these Recommended CI Configurations.
• For a quick fix, rebase this PR at GitHub. Your next report should be accurate.

Details

• 3 of 3 (100.0%) changed or added relevant lines in 2 files are covered.
• 96 unchanged lines in 6 files lost coverage.
• Overall coverage increased (+0.05%) to 89.768%

---

Files with Coverage Reduction	New Missed Lines	%
qiskit/circuit/library/generalized_gates/permutation.py	1	92.86%
qiskit/circuit/library/standard_gates/xx_plus_yy.py	2	95.74%
qiskit/circuit/library/standard_gates/xx_minus_yy.py	2	95.74%
crates/qasm2/src/lex.rs	6	92.37%
crates/qasm2/src/parse.rs	6	97.15%
crates/circuit/src/operations.rs	79	73.24%

Totals
Change from base Build 9614505164:	0.05%
Covered Lines:	63661
Relevant Lines:	70917

---

💛 - Coveralls

[Cryoris]

@Mergifyio backport stable/0.46 stable/1.1

[mergify]

backport stable/0.46 stable/1.1

✅ Backports have been created

• #12699 Fix replace_block_with_op on operations with wrong number of qubits (backport #12637) has been created for branch stable/0.46
• #12700 Fix replace_block_with_op on operations with wrong number of qubits (backport #12637) has been created for branch stable/1.1