[improve][misc] Return failed future in async method instead of throw exception directly

[Shawyeok]

Fixes #xyz

Master Issue: #xyz

PIP: #xyz

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• Added integration tests for end-to-end deployment with large payloads (10MB)
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[tbal999]

I'd be interested to try your commit in a pulsar instance to see if it 100% stops the silent death of sinks and sources in pulsar - which is a problem we encounter.

Tests fail, could that be resolved?

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