Website: https://gethttpsforfree.com
This is a project that allows you to get a free HTTPS certificate without having to install any software or having to share your private keys with anyone. It uses the non-profit Let's Encrypt certificate authority to issue the free certificates. Hooray for free certs!
If this script is useful to you, please donate to the EFF. I don't work there, but they do fantastic work.
Go to: https://gethttpsforfree.com
The website works by generating commands for you to run in your terminal, then making requests to the Let's Encrypt ACME API to issue your certificate. Simply visit the above website and follow the steps! If you don't know how to do something, try clicking the help links that explain how to complete the step. If you're still confused, please create an issue and I'll address your issue ASAP!
Requirements for your local machine:
- openssl
- echo
Requirements for your server:
- python or any webserver that can serve a static file
These should all be installed by default in Linux and Mac OSX. If you're running Windows, you might need to install Cygwin to get openssl and echo working on Windows.
This website works by making requests to the Let's Encrypt API (using the ACME protocol). There's 5 steps to the process, which are explained below. Also, I encourage you to read the source code (it's not that long) and pop open your browser's debugger to see the ajax requests that are going on. Please, audit this!
First, the ACME protocol requires you register a public key and contact information so you can sign all the requests you make to the API. In this step, you need to put in an email and a public key. The javascript for this section then converts the public key to a JSON Web Key (JWK). NOTE: currently only RSA 2048 and 4096 bit public keys are accepted by Let's Encrypt.
So if you paste it in this public key:
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEA5aok6d72rkrGpOPAICSS
3JPrA0tbVs3mYPWmG7c5tGEY+w1slyI+3V64NsLw8p9YqNLyX/YDsnmkOUMUx6Bu
vx43daBrl//wz3hIOvidXyV4z65Nbrlto9qtLpfi+9lbEEYt2PLhr+KjguqjqOQj
qi2PgqdITGG+BZkU8xIrPzZCR/UPBotV/dGBj9vO1whTGlzpkihvXLf4rEFoJoEE
eOPMtqbxUp1KS41EgX2xFav9JHPVI1hm66K0eqlJrBl407j3xRNlekl4xorwfCkA
xC7xclofg3JZ7RIhv3DdaNe07IZ0QYup9dDufIcCKruAgu0hwYMwDHmZNrrWxMia
GQwagxs61mla6f7c1bvYY92PhfgpkQAN99MXdaTtvBbzDuY018QP+TVzzVH/hpjK
aFx4JlYkcVGqbYamUiP7il4Hldqp6Mm65IH/8nxuZFrN4tJ5VyMeWeZ5sKBBrXZE
1Je8524COYnvljGnaFAVaDRhAcTSEykveY8jx/r6MB95LkWcue7FXIQyX0D3/2lU
KTu/wrBCmhriqNa4FHcccLMyQkiMbs8mEoldNCwYDxvF5lYc19UDlleE855lME00
E/ogStmazzFrNWCzEJ+Pa9JVlTQonKRgWqi+9cWwV+AMd+s2F3wO+H2tlexe8pLo
Vw/42S44tHz4VuZuhpZvn3kCAwEAAQ==
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
This step converts it to this JWK:
{
"alg": "RS256",
"jwk": {
"e": "AQAB",
"kty": "RSA",
"n": "5aok6d72rkrGpOPAICSS3JPrA0tbVs3mYPWmG7c5tGEY-w1slyI-3V64NsLw8p9YqNLyX_YDsnmkOUMUx6Buvx43daBrl__wz3hIOvidXyV4z65Nbrlto9qtLpfi-9lbEEYt2PLhr-KjguqjqOQjqi2PgqdITGG-BZkU8xIrPzZCR_UPBotV_dGBj9vO1whTGlzpkihvXLf4rEFoJoEEeOPMtqbxUp1KS41EgX2xFav9JHPVI1hm66K0eqlJrBl407j3xRNlekl4xorwfCkAxC7xclofg3JZ7RIhv3DdaNe07IZ0QYup9dDufIcCKruAgu0hwYMwDHmZNrrWxMiaGQwagxs61mla6f7c1bvYY92PhfgpkQAN99MXdaTtvBbzDuY018QP-TVzzVH_hpjKaFx4JlYkcVGqbYamUiP7il4Hldqp6Mm65IH_8nxuZFrN4tJ5VyMeWeZ5sKBBrXZE1Je8524COYnvljGnaFAVaDRhAcTSEykveY8jx_r6MB95LkWcue7FXIQyX0D3_2lUKTu_wrBCmhriqNa4FHcccLMyQkiMbs8mEoldNCwYDxvF5lYc19UDlleE855lME00E_ogStmazzFrNWCzEJ-Pa9JVlTQonKRgWqi-9cWwV-AMd-s2F3wO-H2tlexe8pLoVw_42S44tHz4VuZuhpZvn3k"
}
}
Second, you need to specify the domains you want certificates for. That's done through a certificate signing request (CSR). The javascript in this section uses the ASN1.js library to parse the CSR and read the domains. NOTE: the private key for the domain cert cannot be the same as your account private key, according to ACME.
Third, you need tell the Let's Encrypt API that you want to register and create an order for a certificate (your CSR). These requests must be signed with your account private key, so this steps compiles the request payloads that need signatures to get the domain challenges you need to fulfill.
Here's the list of requests that need to be made to the API:
/acme/new-acct- Register the account public key and accept the terms (discarded if already registered)/acme/acct/...- Update the account with your email address/acme/new-order- Creates a new order for a certificate for your domains in your CSR
NOTE: Each request also requires an anti-replay nonce, so the javascript gets
those by making ajax requests to the /acme/new-nonce endpoint.
For each request the payload must be signed, and since this website doesn't ask for your private keys, you must copy-and-paste the signature commands into your terminal.
These commands are structured like this:
PRIV_KEY=./account.key; \ #set the location of your account private key (change this location if different)
echo -n "<request_payload_data>" | \ #pipe the payload into openssl
openssl dgst -sha256 -hex -sign $PRIV_KEY #sign the payload using your private key and output hex
Once these signatures are pasted back into the inputs, the javascript makes the
ajax requests to the above endpoints for new-acct and each new-order. If the
account public key has already been registered the new-acct response is a 204
No Content, which is ignored.
The response for the /new-order has links to the authorization challenges needed
prove you own the domain. The challenge that this website chooses is "http-01" or
"dns-01", which requires that you host a specific file at a specific location
or set a specific TXT value in your DNS for that domain. So, for
each domain, this step shows you the file you need to host and the url you need
to host it at.
After the file is being hosted, you need to tell Let's Encrypt to check the
verify the challenge for that domain. That request must also be signed so
there's one more signature that must be performed. The reason why this wasn't
included in step 3 is because the payload contains something in the response of
/new-order.
There's three options this website offers as copy-and-paste commands: python, file-based, and dns. The python command is a mini server you can copy-and-paste into your server's command line (NOTE: this needs sudo permissions!). The file-base option just lists the url where the challenge will check and the file contents that the file needs to contain. The DNS option lists the value you need to set as a TXT entry in your DNS. It's up to you to figure out how to make that happen.
When you confirm that you're hosting the files, an ajax request is made to the challenge url to tell Let's Encrypt to verify the domain. Once this is done for all the domains in your CSR, the final signature is to finalize the order and sign your certificate.
The response from finalizing should be your new certificate! Congrats! This step prints the certificate and also prints the intermediate certificate you need to chain this certificate to the root certificate.
This website is entirely static files and only makes ajax requests to the Let's Encrypt API. It does not track or remember anything when you leave. It is written with minimal extra libraries and styling to ensure that you can read through and audit the source code.
Finally, since this website is completely static, it's un-hostable! Just right-click and "Save Page As...", save the complete website to your local computer, then open it in a browser. It still works when hosted locally!
I'd love to receive feedback, issues, and pull requests to make this script
better. The main script itself, js/index.js, is less than 800 lines of code, so
feel free to read through it! I tried to comment things well and make it crystal
clear what it's doing.
TODO (pull requests welcome):
revoke.html- A page with steps for revoking certificatesAlternative file-based command instead of python serverInstallation instructions for Apache- Accept GPG public keys as account public keys
- Third party libraries (asn1.js is the only one)
- Fonts or images
- CSS more than 5 kilobytes
- Javascript that only changes UI
- HTML that decreases source readability (added wrapping divs, etc.)
This website is supposed to work, nothing more.