This is a very minimalistic tool for deploying kubernetes resources.
- Go template engine support
- Supports any kubernetes resource type
- Polls deployment resources for completion
- Polls statefulset resources (only with updateStrategy type set to RollingUpdates).
Note that kd can be run with docker, check here for the latest image tags
docker run quay.io/ukhomeofficedigital/kd:latest --helpPlease download the required binary file from the releases page
For Mac Users - Please download release kd_darwin_amd64 and run the following commands. These will ensure the binary is renamed to 'kd', it's also in your ${PATH}, and that you have permissions to run it on your system.
mv ~/Downloads/kd_darwin_amd64 /usr/local/bin/kd
chmod u+x /usr/local/bin/kdThe is only requirement and that is a kubectl binary in your ${PATH}. You
can use the docker image or download the binary for your OS from
releases page.
First, let's create a simple deployment template. Templating data comes from
the environment, so in this example we'll use NGINX_IMAGE_TAG environment
variable to set nginx image tag.
Create a nginx-deployment.yaml with the following content:
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx
spec:
replicas: 5
template:
metadata:
labels:
name: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:{{.NGINX_IMAGE_TAG}}
ports:
- containerPort: 80
resources:
limits:
cpu: "0.1"
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /
port: 80
initialDelaySeconds: 10
timeoutSeconds: 1$ export NGINX_IMAGE_TAG=1.11-alpine
$ kd --context=mykube --namespace=testing --file nginx-deployment.yaml
[INFO] 2016/09/21 14:06:37 main.go:153: deploying deployment/nginx
[INFO] 2016/09/21 14:06:38 main.go:157: deployment "nginx" submitted
[INFO] 2016/09/21 14:06:41 main.go:194: deployment "nginx" in progress. Unavailable replicas: 5.
[INFO] 2016/09/21 14:06:56 main.go:194: deployment "nginx" in progress. Unavailable replicas: 5.
[INFO] 2016/09/21 14:07:11 main.go:190: deployment "nginx" is complete. Available replicas: 5You can fail an ongoing deployment if there's been a new deployment by adding --fail-superseded flag.
kd will use the apply verb to create / update resources which is appropriate
in most cases.
The flag --replace can be used to override this behaviour and may be useful in
some very specific scenarios however the result can be a disruptive update
if extra kubectl flags are applied (such as -- --force). Additionally, the last-applied-configuration is not saved when using this flag.
When a cronjob object is created and only updated, any old jobs will continue and some fields are immutable, so use of the replace command and force option may be required.
# The cronjob resource does not yet exist, and so a create action is performed
$ kd --replace -f cronjob.yml -- --force
[INFO] 2018/08/07 22:54:00 main.go:724: resource does not exist, dropping --force flag for create action
[INFO] 2018/08/07 22:54:00 main.go:466: deploying cronjob/etcd-backup
[INFO] 2018/08/07 22:54:00 main.go:473: cronjob "etcd-backup" created
# The resource now exists, so a kubectl replace is performed with the extra --force arg
$ kd --replace -f cronjob.yml -- --force
[INFO] 2018/08/07 22:54:02 main.go:466: deploying cronjob/etcd-backup
[INFO] 2018/08/07 22:54:03 main.go:473: cronjob "etcd-backup" deleted
cronjob "etcd-backup" replacedAs an apply uses 'patch' internally, there is a limit to the size of objects
that can be updated this way and you may receive an error such as: metadata.annotations: Too long: must have at most 262144 characters
Below is an example for updating a large ConfigMap:
# 859KB ConfigMap resource
$ kd --replace -f configmap.yaml
[INFO] 2018/08/07 23:02:39 main.go:466: deploying configmap/bundle
[INFO] 2018/08/07 23:02:40 main.go:473: configmap "bundle" created
$ kd --replace -f configmap.yaml
[INFO] 2018/08/07 23:02:41 main.go:466: deploying configmap/bundle
[INFO] 2018/08/07 23:02:42 main.go:473: configmap "bundle" replacedYou can run kubectl with the support of the same flags and environment variables that kd supports to simplify scripted deployments.
$ export KUBE_NAMESPACE=testland
$ kd run get po -l app=myapp -o custom-columns=:.metadata.name --no-headersYou can add the flag --debug-templates to render templates at run time. Check the examples folder for more info.
Sprig is used to add templating functions.
To preserve backwards compatibility (parameter order) the following functions still use the golang strings libraries:
- contains
- hasPrefix
- hasSuffix
- split
kd specific template functions:
Extra template functions (from helm):
split function is go's strings.Split(), it returns a []string. A range function
can also be used to iterate over returned list.
# split.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: list
data:
foo:
{{ range split .LIST "," }}
- {{ . }}
{{- end -}}$ export LIST="one,two,three"
$ ./kd -f split.yaml --dryrun --debug-templates
[INFO] 2017/10/18 15:08:09 main.go:241: deploying configmap/list
[INFO] 2017/10/18 15:08:09 main.go:248: apiVersion: v1
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: list
data:
foo:
- one
- two
- three
file function will locate and render a configuration file from your repo. A full path will need to be specified, you can run this in drone by using workspace: and a base directory (http://docs.drone.io/workspace/#app-drawer). Here's an example:
# file.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: list
data:
foo:
{{ file .BAR | indent 4}}$ cat <<EOF > config.yaml
- one
- two
- three
EOF
$ export BAR=${PWD}/config.yaml
$ ./kd -f file.yaml --dryrun --debug-templates
[INFO] 2017/10/18 15:08:09 main.go:241: deploying configmap/list
[INFO] 2017/10/18 15:08:09 main.go:248: apiVersion: v1
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: list
data:
foo:
- one
- two
- three
fileWith function will locate and render a configuration file from your repo with additional values specified as a Sprig dict. A full path will need to be specified, you can run this in drone by using workspace: and a base directory (http://docs.drone.io/workspace/#app-drawer). Here's an example:
# file.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: list
data:
foo:
{{ fileWith .BAR (dict "FIRST" "one") | indent 4}}$ cat <<EOF > config.yaml
- {{ .FIRST }}
- two
- three
EOF
$ export BAR=${PWD}/config.yaml
$ ./kd -f file.yaml --dryrun --debug-templates
[INFO] 2017/10/18 15:08:09 main.go:241: deploying configmap/list
[INFO] 2017/10/18 15:08:09 main.go:248: apiVersion: v1
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: list
data:
foo:
- one
- two
- three
secret function generates a secret given the parameters type and length.
Supported types are:
- alphanum
- mysql
- yaml
NOTE a secret generated will automatically be set to create-only and will
not be updated for every deploy.
# secret.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: test
data:
# generate a mysql safe password of 20 chars
password: {{ secret "mysql" 20 }}$ ./kd -f ./test/secret.yaml --dryrun --debug-templates
[DEBUG] 2018/07/17 15:10:50 main.go:240: about to open file:./test/secret.yaml
[DEBUG] 2018/07/17 15:10:50 main.go:260: parsing file:./test/secret.yaml
[INFO] 2018/07/17 15:10:50 main.go:282: Template:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: test
type: Opaque
data:
username: bob
# Create a secret suitable for mysql of 20 chars
password: fD1wS2kzTUVVNUdJcDxGWkhedmQ=If you are creating a kubernetes secret and need the content to be automatically base64 encoded, you can do the following:
# secret.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: test
data:
# read the contents of the "MY_HOSTNAME" environment variable and base64 encode it
hostname: {{ .MY_HOSTNAME | b64enc }}
# base64 encode the provided string
username: {{ "my-username" | b64enc }}k8lookup function allows retrieval of an Kubernetes object value using the parameters:
kind- a Kubernetes object kind e.g.pvorPersistentVolumename- an object name e.g.sysdig-mysql-apath- a object path reference e.g..spec.capacity.storage
Example:
With manually provisioned storage (e.g. iSCSI or NFS) a PV is typically managed using a separate repository. Using lookup, we can discover the appropriate storage size for a given cluster automatically:
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
labels:
name: sysdig-galera
name: data-sysdig-galera-0
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: {{ k8lookup "pv" "sysdig-mysql-a" ".spec.capacity.storage" }}
selector:
matchLabels:
name: sysdig-mysql
storageClassName: manual
Configuration can be provided via cli flags and arguments as well as environment variables.
--config use of a .env file see github.com/joho/godotenv
--config-data can be specified to facilitate structured yaml data in templates. It has two forms:
--config-data Scope=file.yaml- data from file available at.Scope.rootkey.subkey--config-data file.yaml- data from file available at.rootkey.subkey
E.g. A deployment using source copied from a simple helm chart source:
kd --config-data Chart=./helm/simple-app/Chart.yaml \
--config-data Values=./helm/simple-app/values.yaml \
--allow-missing \
--pre-render \
--file ./helm/simple-app/templates/
NOTE the use of the flag --pre-render which allows complex charts to be
parsed per file instead of per resource. This allows for blocks spanning
multiple resources.
NOTE Config data is also rendered using templating. This allows upstream chart templates to be used whilst overriding values that may differ per environment (e.g. image repositories).
It supports end of flags -- parameter, any flags or arguments that are
specified after -- will be passed onto kubectl.
$ kd --help
NAME:
kd - simple kubernetes resources deployment tool
USAGE:
kd [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]
VERSION:
v1.10.7
AUTHOR:
Vaidas Jablonskis <jablonskis@gmail.com>
COMMANDS:
run run [kubectl args] - runs kubectl supporting kd flags / environment options
help, h Shows a list of commands or help for one command
GLOBAL OPTIONS:
--debug debug output [$DEBUG, $PLUGIN_DEBUG]
--debug-templates debug template output [$DEBUG_TEMPLATES, $PLUGIN_DEBUG_TEMPLATES]
--dryrun if true, kd will exit prior to deployment [$DRY_RUN]
--delete instead of applying the resources we are deleting them
--insecure-skip-tls-verify if true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity [$INSECURE_SKIP_TLS_VERIFY, $PLUGIN_INSECURE_SKIP_TLS_VERIFY]
--kube-config-data value Kubernetes config file data [$KUBE_CONFIG_DATA, $PLUGIN_KUBE_CONFIG_DATA]
--kube-server URL, -s URL kubernetes api server URL [$KUBE_SERVER, $PLUGIN_KUBE_SERVER]
--kube-token TOKEN, -t TOKEN kubernetes auth TOKEN [$KUBE_TOKEN, $PLUGIN_KUBE_TOKEN]
--kube-username USERNAME, -u USERNAME kubernetes auth USERNAME [$KUBE_USERNAME, $PLUGIN_KUBE_USERNAME]
--kube-password PASSWORD, -p PASSWORD kubernetes auth PASSWORD [$KUBE_PASSWORD, $PLUGIN_KUBE_PASSWORD]
--config value Env file location [$CONFIG_FILE, $PLUGIN_CONFIG_FILE]
--config-data value Config data e.g. --config-data=Chart=./Chart.yaml [$KD_CONFIG_DATA, $PLUGIN_KD_CONFIG_DATA]
--create-only only create resources (do not update, skip if exists). [$CREATE_ONLY, $PLUGIN_CREATE_ONLY]
--create-only-resource value only create specified resources e.g. 'kind/name' (do not update, skip if exists). [$CREATE_ONLY_RESOURCES, $PLUGIN_CREATE_ONLY_RESOURCES]
--replace use replace instead of apply for updating objects [$KUBE_REPLACE, $PLUGIN_KUBE_REPLACE]
--context CONTEXT, -c CONTEXT kube config CONTEXT [$KUBE_CONTEXT, $PLUGIN_CONTEXT]
--namespace NAMESPACE, -n NAMESPACE kubernetes NAMESPACE [$KUBE_NAMESPACE, $PLUGIN_KUBE_NAMESPACE]
--fail-superseded fail deployment if it has been superseded by another deployment. WARNING: there are some bugs in kubernetes. [$FAIL_SUPERSEDED, $PLUGIN_FAIL_SUPERSEDED]
--certificate-authority PATH the path (or URL) to a file containing the CA for kubernetes API PATH [$KUBE_CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY, $PLUGIN_KUBE_CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY]
--certificate-authority-data PATH the certificate authority data for the kubernetes API PATH [$KUBE_CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY_DATA, $PLUGIN_KUBE_CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY_DATA]
--certificate-authority-file value the path to save certificate authority data to when data or a URL is specified (default: "/tmp/kube-ca.pem") [$KUBE_CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY_FILE, $PLUGIN_KUBE_CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY_FILE]
--file PATH, -f PATH the path to a file or directory containing kubernetes resources PATH [$FILES, $PLUGIN_FILES]
--timeout TIMEOUT, -T TIMEOUT the amount of time to wait for a successful deployment TIMEOUT (default: 3m0s) [$TIMEOUT, $PLUGIN_TIMEOUT]
--check-interval INTERVAL deployment status check interval INTERVAL (default: 1s) [$CHECK_INTERVAL, $PLUGIN_CHECK_INTERVAL]
--allow-missing if true, missing variables will be replaced with <no value> instead of generating an error [$ALLOW_MISSING]
--kubectl-binary value the path to the kubectl binary (default: "kubectl") [$KUBE_BINARY, $KUBECTL_BINARY]
--help, -h show help
--version, -v print the version
To build kd just run make.
You can also build kd in a docker container:
docker run --rm -v $PWD:/go/src/github.com/UKHomeOffice/kd -w /go/src/github.com/UKHomeOffice/kd -ti golang:1.10 makePush / Merge to master will produce a docker
image with a tag latest.
To create a new release, just create a new tag off master.
We welcome pull requests. Please raise an issue to discuss your changes before submitting a patch.
Vaidas Jablonskis vaijab