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Profiling
Cura has a simple flame graph profiler available as a plugin which can be used to see what Cura is doing as it runs and how much time it takes. A flame graph profile shows its output as a timeline and stacks of "blocks" which represent parts of the code and are stacked up to show call depth. These often form little peaks which look like flames. It is a simple yet powerful way to visualise the activity of a program.
The profiler plugin is kept outside of the Cura source code here: https://github.com/Ultimaker/cura-big-flame-graph
To install it do:
- Use
git clone git@github.com:Ultimaker/cura-big-flame-graph.git
to grab a copy of the code. - Copy the
BigFlameGraph
directory into theplugins
directory in your local Cura. - Set the
URANIUM_FLAME_PROFILER
environment variable to something before starting Cura. This flags to the profiler code in Cura to activate and insert the needed hooks into the code.
To open the profiler go to the Extensions menu and select "Start BFG" from the "Big Flame Graph" menu. A page will open up in your default browser. This is the profiler UI. Click on "Record" to start recording, go to Cura and perform an action and then back in the profiler click on "Stop". The results should now load in.
The time scale is at the top of the window. The blocks should be read as meaning the blocks at the bottom call the blocks which are stacked on top of them. Hover the mouse to get more detailed information about a block such as the name of the code involved and its duration. Use the zoom buttons or mouse wheel to zoom in. The display can be panned by dragging with the left mouse button.
Note: The profiler front-end itself is quite "heavy" (ok, not optimised). It runs much better in Google Chrome or Chromium than Firefox. It is also a good idea to keep recording sessions short for the same reason.
The profiler doesn't capture every function call in Cura. It hooks into a number of important systems which give a good picture of activity without too much run time overhead. The most important system is Uranium's signal mechanism and PyQt5 slots. Functions which are called via the signal mechanism are recorded and their names appear in the results. PyQt5 slots appear in the results with the prefix [SLOT]
.
Note that not all slots are captured. Only those slots which belong to classes which use the pyqtSlot
decorator from the UM.FlameProfiler
module.
It is also possible to manually add decorators to methods to make them appear in the profiler results. The UM.FlameProfiler
module contains the profile
decorator which can be applied to methods. There is also a profileCall
context manager which can be used with Python's with
statement to measure a block of code. profileCall
takes one argument, a label to use in the results.
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