feat(stdlibs): add math/rand (gnolang#2455)

This PR ports over to Gno the
[math/rand/v2](https://pkg.go.dev/math/rand/v2) Go package. It provides
pseudo-random number generation.

Notable omissions:

- the [`N` generic function](https://pkg.go.dev/math/rand/v2@go1.22.4#N)
- The [chacha8 random
source](https://pkg.go.dev/math/rand/v2@go1.22.4#ChaCha8) (we can use
PCG instead; and chacha8 can be implemented later)

This PR requires a version bump to go 1.22 to have math/rand/v2 in the
standard libraries; otherwise the Native tests won't work. We can
rollback the changes to move it to 1.22 by removing the native math/rand
implementation, and only using the stdlibs.

BREAKING CHANGE: existing usages of math/rand used Go's math/rand;
however, in this new standard library we use its v2, so results will be
different.

Closes gnolang#1272; See-also gnolang#1267 

<details><summary>Contributors' checklist...</summary>

- [x] Added new tests, or not needed, or not feasible
- [x] Provided an example (e.g. screenshot) to aid review or the PR is
self-explanatory
- [x] Updated the official documentation or not needed
- [x] No breaking changes were made, or a `BREAKING CHANGE: xxx` message
was included in the description
- [x] Added references to related issues and PRs
- [x] Provided any useful hints for running manual tests
- [ ] Added new benchmarks to [generated
graphs](https://gnoland.github.io/benchmarks), if any. More info
[here](https://github.com/gnolang/gno/blob/master/.benchmarks/README.md).
</details>

.github/workflows/docs-404-checker.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v3
         with:
-          go-version: '1.21'
+          go-version: '1.22'
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: go mod download
@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@ jobs:
         run: make -C docs/ build
 
       - name: Run linter
-        run: make -C docs/ lint
+        run: make -C docs/ lint

.github/workflows/examples.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         goversion:
-          - "1.21.x"
           - "1.22.x"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 30
@@ -36,7 +35,6 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         goversion:
-          - "1.21.x"
           - "1.22.x"
         # unittests: TODO: matrix with contracts
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -60,7 +58,6 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         goversion:
-          - "1.21.x"
           - "1.22.x"
         # unittests: TODO: matrix with contracts
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -92,4 +89,4 @@ jobs:
           # Find all directories containing gno.mod file
           find ./examples -name "gno.mod" -execdir go run "$GNO_CMD" mod tidy \;
           # Check if there are changes after running gno mod tidy
-          git diff --exit-code || (echo "Some gno.mod files are not tidy, please run 'make tidy'." && exit 1)
+          git diff --exit-code || (echo "Some gno.mod files are not tidy, please run 'make tidy'." && exit 1)

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ The gno repository is primarily based on Go (Golang) and Gno.
 
 The primary tech stack for working on the repository:
 
-- Go (version 1.21+)
+- Go (version 1.22+)
 - make (for using Makefile configurations)
 
 It is recommended to work on a Unix environment, as most of the tooling is built around ready-made tools in Unix (WSL2

contribs/gnodev/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/gnolang/gno/contribs/gnodev
 
-go 1.21
+go 1.22
 
 replace github.com/gnolang/gno => ../..
 

contribs/gnofaucet/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/gnolang/gno/contribs/gnofaucet
 
-go 1.21
+go 1.22
 
 require (
 	github.com/gnolang/faucet v0.2.1

contribs/gnokeykc/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/gnolang/gno/contribs/gnokeykc
 
-go 1.21
+go 1.22
 
 replace github.com/gnolang/gno => ../..
 

contribs/gnomd/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/gnolang/gno/contribs/gnomd
 
-go 1.21
+go 1.22
 
 require github.com/MichaelMure/go-term-markdown v0.1.4
 

docs/getting-started/local-setup/installation.md

@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ id: installation
 # Installation
 
 ## Overview
-In this tutorial, you will learn how to set up the Gno development environment 
-locally, so you can get up and running writing Gno code. You will download and 
+In this tutorial, you will learn how to set up the Gno development environment
+locally, so you can get up and running writing Gno code. You will download and
 install all the necessary tooling, and validate that it is correctly configured
 to run on your machine.
 
 ## Prerequisites
 - **Git**
 - **`make` (for running Makefiles)**
-- **Go 1.21+**
+- **Go 1.22+**
 - **Go Environment Setup**:
   - Make sure `$GOPATH` is well-defined, and `$GOPATH/bin` is added to your `$PATH` variable.
   - To do this, you can add the following line to your `.bashrc`, `.zshrc` or other config file:
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ GitHub repository somewhere on disk:
 git clone https://github.com/gnolang/gno.git
 ```
 
-## 2. Installing the required tools 
+## 2. Installing the required tools
 
 There are three tools that should be used for getting started with Gno development:
 - `gno` - the GnoVM binary
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ To install all three  tools, simply run the following in the root of the repo:
 make install
 ```
 
-## 3. Verifying installation 
+## 3. Verifying installation
 
 ### `gno`
 `gno` provides ample functionality to the user, among which is running,
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ You should get the help output from the command:
 
 ![gno help](../../assets/getting-started/local-setup/local-setup/gno-help.gif)
 
-Alternatively, if you don't want to have the binary callable system-wide, you 
+Alternatively, if you don't want to have the binary callable system-wide, you
 can run the binary directly:
 
 ```bash
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ go run ./cmd/gno --help
 ```
 
 ### `gnodev`
-`gnodev` is the go-to Gno development helper tool - it comes with a built in 
-Gno.land node, a `gnoweb` server to display the state of your smart contracts 
+`gnodev` is the go-to Gno development helper tool - it comes with a built in
+Gno.land node, a `gnoweb` server to display the state of your smart contracts
 (realms), and a watcher system to actively track changes in your code. Read more
 about `gnodev` [here](../../gno-tooling/cli/gnodev.md).
 

docs/gno-infrastructure/validators/connect-to-existing-chain.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ In this tutorial, you will learn how to start a local Gno node and connect to an
 
 - **Git**
 - **`make` (for running Makefiles)**
-- **Go 1.21+**
+- **Go 1.22+**
 - **Go Environment Setup**: Ensure you have Go set up as outlined in
   the [Go official installation documentation](https://go.dev/doc/install) for your environment
 
@@ -107,4 +107,4 @@ gnoland start \
 
 That's it! 🎉
 
-Your new Gno node should be up and running, and syncing block data from the remote chain.
+Your new Gno node should be up and running, and syncing block data from the remote chain.

docs/gno-infrastructure/validators/setting-up-a-new-chain.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Additionally, you will see the different options you can use to make your Gno in
 
 - **Git**
 - **`make` (for running Makefiles)**
-- **Go 1.21+**
+- **Go 1.22+**
 - **Go Environment Setup**: Ensure you have Go set up as outlined in
   the [Go official installation documentation](https://go.dev/doc/install) for your environment
 
@@ -451,4 +451,4 @@ Genesis block generation happens only once during the lifetime of a Gno chain.
 This means that if you specify a balances file using `gnoland start`, and the chain has already started (advanced from
 block 0), the specified balance sheet will not be applied.
 
-:::
+:::

docs/reference/go-gno-compatibility.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ id: go-gno-compatibility
 
 Generics are currently not implemented.
 
-Note that Gno does not support shadowing of built-in types. 
+Note that Gno does not support shadowing of built-in types.
 While the following built-in typecasting assignment would work in Go, this is not supported in Gno.
 
 ```go
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ Legend:
 | math/big                                    | `tbd`    |
 | math/bits                                   | `full`   |
 | math/cmplx                                  | `tbd`    |
-| math/rand                                   | `todo`   |
+| math/rand                                   | `full`[^9] |
 | mime                                        | `tbd`    |
 | mime/multipart                              | `tbd`    |
 | mime/quotedprintable                        | `tbd`    |
@@ -291,6 +291,7 @@ Legend:
   determinism. Concurrent functionality (such as `time.Ticker`) is not implemented.
 [^8]: `crypto/ed25519` is currently only implemented for `Verify`, which should
   still cover a majority of use cases. A full implementation is welcome.
+[^9]: `math/rand` in Gno ports over Go's `math/rand/v2`.
 
 ## Tooling (`gno` binary)