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Update ch9.md #112

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Apr 13, 2021
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​ 共识系统通常依靠超时来检测失效的节点。在网络延迟高度变化的环境中，特别是在地理上散布的系统中，经常发生一个节点由于暂时的网络问题，错误地认为领导者已经失效。虽然这种错误不会损害安全属性，但频繁的领导者选举会导致糟糕的性能表现，因系统最后可能花在权力倾扎上的时间要比花在建设性工作的多得多。

​ 有时共识算法对网络问题特别敏感。例如Raft已被证明存在让人不悦的极端情况【106】：如果整个网络工作正常，但只有一条特定的网络连接一直不可靠，Raft可能会进入领导频繁二人转的局面，或者当前领导者不断被迫辞职以致系统实质上毫无进展。其他一致性算法也存在类似的问题，而设计能健壮应对不可靠网络的算法仍然是一个开放的研究问题。
​ 有时共识算法对网络问题特别敏感。例如Raft已被证明存在让人不悦的极端情况【106】：如果整个网络工作正常，但只有一条特定的网络连接一直不可靠，Raft可能会进入领导者在两个节点间频繁切换的局面，或者当前领导者不断被迫辞职以致系统实质上毫无进展。其他一致性算法也存在类似的问题，而设计能健壮应对不可靠网络的算法仍然是一个开放的研究问题。

### 成员与协调服务

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