Workaround for default editor styles overriding padding.

packages/block-library/src/editor.scss

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 @import "./latest-comments/editor.scss";
 @import "./latest-posts/editor.scss";
 @import "./legacy-widget/editor.scss";
+@import "./list/editor.scss";
 @import "./media-text/editor.scss";
 @import "./more/editor.scss";
 @import "./navigation/editor.scss";

packages/block-library/src/list/editor.scss

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Extra specificity required to override default editor styles, which are
+// loaded after core block styles. If the load order changes, this rule can be
+// removed. See https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/issues/24011.
+ol.has-background.has-background,
+ul.has-background.has-background {
+	padding: $block-bg-padding--v $block-bg-padding--h;
+}