PHP NOTES

This repository contains PHP topics and their notes to learn from beginner level to advanced level.

Refer the below contents, To kick start the learning of important concepts in PHP for web application development. which gives you step by step approach to the concepts.
 

☰ CONTENTS

Fundamentals

1. Introduction:
   • What is PHP?
   • History and evolution
   • Role in Web Development
   • Benefits of Using PHP
2. Basic Syntax:
   • Variables
   • Data Types
   • Strings
   • Operators
3. Display Statements:
   • Echo Statement
   • Print Statement
   • Multi-line Printing
   • Printf Function
   • Sprintf Function
   • Print_r Function
   • Var_dump Function
   • Vprintf Function
   • Vsprintf Function
   • Comparison Among Statements
4. Comments:
   • Single Line Comments
   • Multi Line Comments
   • Doc Comments
   • Hash Comments
5. Control flow:
   • If Else Statements
   • Nested If Else Statements
   • Switch Statements
6. Functions:
   • Function Definition
   • Function Calling
   • Function Arguments and Parameters
   • Function Return Values
   • Pass by Value
   • Pass by Reference
   • Scope of Variables
   • Variable Length Argument Lists
   • Anonymous Functions
   • Recursion
   • Variable Functions
   • Type Hinting
   • Return Type Declarations
   • Generators
   • Arrow Functions
   • String Functions
   • Mathematical Functions
   • Date and Time Functions
   • File and Directory Functions
   • Array Functions
   • Other Common Functions
7. Arrays:
   • Array Types
   • Indexed Array
   • Associative Array
   • Multi Dimensional Array
   • Choosing Array
   • Adding Elements in Array
   • Accessing Array Elements
   • Array Elements Unpack
   • Iterating Array Elements
   • Common Array Functions
8. Enums:
   • Need of Enum
   • Enum Implementation
   • Backed Enums
   • Enum Methods
   • Enum Static Methods
   • Enum Constants
   • Enum With Traits
   • Enum Serialization
   • Enum Usages
   • Key Points And Limitations
9. Short-Hand Syntax:
   • Ternary Operator
   • Null Coalescing Operator
   • Null Coalescing Assignment Operator
   • Short Echo Tag
   • Spaceship Operator
   • Short-Hand Control Structures
10. Type Hints:
    • Basic Usage
    • Nullable Types
    • Union Types
    • Key Points

Core PHP Concepts

1. Super globals:
   • GET Variable
   • POST Variable
   • REQUEST Variable
   • FILES Variable
   • SESSION Variable
   • COOKIE Variable
   • SERVER Variable
   • ENV Variable
2. Forms and Data Handling:
   • Creating Forms
   • Handling Forms
   • Processing Data
   • Input Validation
   • Input Sanitization
   • Filter Variable Flags
   • Prevent Duplicate Form Submission
3. Date and Time:
   • Date Functions
   • Time Functions
   • DateTime Class
   • DateTimeImmutable Class
   • DateInterval Class
   • DatePeriod Class
   • Formatting Dates and Times
   • Parsing Relative Dates and Times
   • Date and Time Constants
   • Timezones
   • Key Points
4. Numbers and Currencies.md
   • Number Formats
   • Currency Formats
5. Headers:
   • Setting a Header
   • Common Headers
   • Content Type
   • Redirection
   • Cache Control
   • Order of Usage
   • Headers with Output Buffers
   • Security Headers
6. HTTP Status Code:
   • 1xx Information
   • 2xx Success
   • 3xx Redirection
   • 4xx Client Error
   • 5xx Server Error
   • Usage
7. Sessions:
   • Need and Usage
   • Creating Session
   • Storing Data in Session
   • Retrieving Data from Session
   • Removing Session Data
   • Destroying Session
   • Pros
   • Cons
   • Functions Related To Session
   • Constants Related To Session
   • Configuration Flags Related To Session
   • Different Session Handling Techniques
   • Secure Session Handling
   • Strong Session Name
   • Session Handlers
   • Example For Custom Session Handlers
   • Protecting Against Session Fixation
8. Cookies:
   • Need and Usage
   • Creating a cookie
   • Modifying a cookie
   • Deleting a cookie
   • Pros
   • Cons
9. File Handling:
   • Handling Directory
   • Handling File
   • Uploading a file
   • Downloading a file
   • File Handling Flags
   • Common File Handling Functions
   • Security Considerations
10. Include and Require Statements:
    • Include Statement
    • Require Statement
    • Differences Between Statements
11. Error Handling and Debugging:
    • Identifying Errors
    • Debugging Techniques
    • Error Levels
    • Log Levels
    • Logging to a File
    • Logging to a Database
    • Error Logging Formats
    • Key Points
    • Log Rotation

Object-Oriented Programming in PHP

1. Classes and Objects:
   • Defining Classes
   • Properties and Methods
   • Creating Objects
   • Object Destruction
   • Key Points
2. Inheritance:
   • Extending Classes
   • Overriding Methods
   • Key Points
3. Polymorphism:
   • Method Overloading
   • Method Overriding
4. Encapsulation:
   • Access Modifiers
     • Public
     • Protected
     • Private
5. Abstraction:
   • Abstract Classes
   • Interfaces
   • Traits
   • Key Points
   • Real World Usages
6. Reflection Class:
   • Basic Usage
   • Key Features
   • Cautionary Note
7. Dependency Injection:
   • Need for Dependency Injection
   • Constructor Injection
   • Setter Injection
   • Method Injection
8. Namespace:
   • Use of Namespace
   • Global Namespace
   • Declaration of Namespace
   • Implementation of Namespace
   • Namespace Alias
   • Key Points
9. Autoload in PHP:
   • Built-in Autoloader
   • How it works
10. Composer:
    • Dependency Management
    • Autoloading
    • Handling Packages
    • Basic Usage
    • Composer Commands and Flags

Database Integration

1. Database Abstraction Layers:
   • PDO
   • Prepared Statements
   • Positional and Parameterized Queries
2. PHP-MySQL Integration:
   • MySQL Overview
   • Connecting to a MySQL Database
   • Executing SQL Queries
   • Updating and Deleting Data

Web Development with PHP

1. Remember Logged In User:
   • Best Practice
   • Session Management
   • Generate Unique ID
   • Regenerate Unique ID
   • Set Unique ID
   • Check for Unique ID
   • Expiry Remember Token
   • Remove Remember Token
2. Configuring Apache Server:
   • Configuration Files
   • Basic Configuration
   • Configuring Virtual Hosts
   • HTACCESS Configuration
   • Additional Configuration Options
   • Key points to remember
3. Web Frameworks:
   • Need of Framework in PHP
   • Popular Frameworks
4. MVC Architecture:
   • Understanding MVC Architecture
   • Building MVC
   • How it works
   • Advantages of MVC
5. Security Best Practices:
   • Common Web Attacks
   • Protecting Applications

Advanced Topics

1. Regular Expressions:
   • Pattern Matching
   • Find and Replacing Text
   • Extracting Text
   • Validate Text
   • Common Patterns
2. Cryptographic Functionalities:
   • Random Unique ID Generation
   • Hashing and Salting
   • HMAC
   • Encryption and Decryption
3. XML and JSON:
   • Parsing XML
   • Parsing JSON
   • Generating XML
   • Generating JSON
   • Key Points
4. CLI with PHP:
   • Executing PHP Script in Command Line
   • Accepting Command Line Arguments
   • Common PHP CLI Options
5. Performance optimization:
   • Caching Techniques
   • Code Optimization
6. Design Patterns:
   • Common Patterns
   • Singleton Design Pattern
   • Factory Design Pattern
   • Abstract Factory Design Pattern
   • Adapter Design Pattern
   • Decorator Design Pattern
   • Facade Design Pattern
   • Strategy Design Pattern
   • Command Design Pattern
   • Comparison among patterns

By following this road map and consistently practicing, you can develop a strong foundation in PHP and build impressive web applications. For better understanding and double check with Official PHP manual, Before proceed in real-time implementations.

⚑ Contribution

Contributions are welcome! If you have any suggestions, bug reports, or feature requests, please open an issue or submit a pull request. Make sure to follow the existing coding style and provide clear documentation for your changes.

⚑ License

This reference licensed under the MIT license. Feel free to use, modify, and distribute it as per the terms of the license.

⚑ Contact

If you have any questions or need further assistance, please feel free to reach me by referring My Github Profile

Thanks for reviewing this reference notes!