CI: Update Ubuntu runners to 24.04, but keep 22.04 for Linux builds #852

Job	Run time
📊 Static / Static Checks (clang-format, black format, file format, documentation checks)	3m 2s
🤖 Android / Template (target=release, tools=no)	3m 7s
🌐 JavaScript / Template (target=release, tools=no)	5m 32s
🍏 iOS / Template (target=release, tools=no)	1m 27s
🍎 macOS / Editor (target=release_debug, tools=yes)	1m 18s
☁ Server / Linux Headless w/ Mono (target=release_debug, tools=yes)	1m 7s
🍎 macOS / Template (target=release, tools=no)	1m 1s
🐧 Linux / Editor w/ Mono (target=release_debug, tools=yes)	5m 8s
☁ Server / Linux Server w/ Mono (target=release, tools=no)	10m 17s
🐧 Linux / Editor and sanitizers (target=debug, tools=yes, use_asan=yes, use_ubsan=yes, linker=gold)	4m 46s
🐧 Linux / Template w/ Mono (target=release, tools=no)	11m 40s
🐧 Linux / Minimal template (target=release, tools=no, everything disabled)	6m 31s
🏁 Windows / Editor (target=release_debug, tools=yes)	3m 7s
🏁 Windows / Template (target=release, tools=no)	2m 24s
	1h 0m 27s

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