perf: Faster decimal precision overflow checks (#6419)

* add benchmark

* add optimization

* fix

* fix

* cargo fmt

* clippy

* Update arrow-data/src/decimal.rs

Co-authored-by: Liang-Chi Hsieh <viirya@gmail.com>

* optimize to avoid allocating an idx variable

* revert change to public api

* fix error in rustdoc

---------

Co-authored-by: Liang-Chi Hsieh <viirya@gmail.com>

arrow-array/Cargo.toml

@@ -71,3 +71,7 @@ harness = false
 [[bench]]
 name = "fixed_size_list_array"
 harness = false
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "decimal_overflow"
+harness = false

arrow-array/benches/decimal_overflow.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use arrow_array::builder::{Decimal128Builder, Decimal256Builder};
+use arrow_buffer::i256;
+use criterion::*;
+
+fn criterion_benchmark(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let len = 8192;
+    let mut builder_128 = Decimal128Builder::with_capacity(len);
+    let mut builder_256 = Decimal256Builder::with_capacity(len);
+    for i in 0..len {
+        if i % 10 == 0 {
+            builder_128.append_value(i128::MAX);
+            builder_256.append_value(i256::from_i128(i128::MAX));
+        } else {
+            builder_128.append_value(i as i128);
+            builder_256.append_value(i256::from_i128(i as i128));
+        }
+    }
+    let array_128 = builder_128.finish();
+    let array_256 = builder_256.finish();
+
+    c.bench_function("validate_decimal_precision_128", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| black_box(array_128.validate_decimal_precision(8)));
+    });
+    c.bench_function("null_if_overflow_precision_128", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| black_box(array_128.null_if_overflow_precision(8)));
+    });
+    c.bench_function("validate_decimal_precision_256", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| black_box(array_256.validate_decimal_precision(8)));
+    });
+    c.bench_function("null_if_overflow_precision_256", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| black_box(array_256.null_if_overflow_precision(8)));
+    });
+}
+
+criterion_group!(benches, criterion_benchmark);
+criterion_main!(benches);

arrow-array/src/array/primitive_array.rs

@@ -1570,9 +1570,7 @@ impl<T: DecimalType + ArrowPrimitiveType> PrimitiveArray<T> {
     /// Validates the Decimal Array, if the value of slot is overflow for the specified precision, and
     /// will be casted to Null
     pub fn null_if_overflow_precision(&self, precision: u8) -> Self {
-        self.unary_opt::<_, T>(|v| {
-            (T::validate_decimal_precision(v, precision).is_ok()).then_some(v)
-        })
+        self.unary_opt::<_, T>(|v| T::is_valid_decimal_precision(v, precision).then_some(v))
     }
 
     /// Returns [`Self::value`] formatted as a string

arrow-array/src/types.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@ use crate::temporal_conversions::as_datetime_with_timezone;
 use crate::timezone::Tz;
 use crate::{ArrowNativeTypeOp, OffsetSizeTrait};
 use arrow_buffer::{i256, Buffer, OffsetBuffer};
-use arrow_data::decimal::{validate_decimal256_precision, validate_decimal_precision};
+use arrow_data::decimal::{
+    is_validate_decimal256_precision, is_validate_decimal_precision, validate_decimal256_precision,
+    validate_decimal_precision,
+};
 use arrow_data::{validate_binary_view, validate_string_view};
 use arrow_schema::{
     ArrowError, DataType, IntervalUnit, TimeUnit, DECIMAL128_MAX_PRECISION, DECIMAL128_MAX_SCALE,
@@ -1194,6 +1197,9 @@ pub trait DecimalType:
 
     /// Validates that `value` contains no more than `precision` decimal digits
     fn validate_decimal_precision(value: Self::Native, precision: u8) -> Result<(), ArrowError>;
+
+    /// Determines whether `value` contains no more than `precision` decimal digits
+    fn is_valid_decimal_precision(value: Self::Native, precision: u8) -> bool;
 }
 
 /// Validate that `precision` and `scale` are valid for `T`
@@ -1256,6 +1262,10 @@ impl DecimalType for Decimal128Type {
     fn validate_decimal_precision(num: i128, precision: u8) -> Result<(), ArrowError> {
         validate_decimal_precision(num, precision)
     }
+
+    fn is_valid_decimal_precision(value: Self::Native, precision: u8) -> bool {
+        is_validate_decimal_precision(value, precision)
+    }
 }
 
 impl ArrowPrimitiveType for Decimal128Type {
@@ -1286,6 +1296,10 @@ impl DecimalType for Decimal256Type {
     fn validate_decimal_precision(num: i256, precision: u8) -> Result<(), ArrowError> {
         validate_decimal256_precision(num, precision)
     }
+
+    fn is_valid_decimal_precision(value: Self::Native, precision: u8) -> bool {
+        is_validate_decimal256_precision(value, precision)
+    }
 }
 
 impl ArrowPrimitiveType for Decimal256Type {

arrow-cast/src/cast/decimal.rs

@@ -336,11 +336,7 @@ where
     if cast_options.safe {
         let iter = from.iter().map(|v| {
             v.and_then(|v| parse_string_to_decimal_native::<T>(v, scale as usize).ok())
-                .and_then(|v| {
-                    T::validate_decimal_precision(v, precision)
-                        .is_ok()
-                        .then_some(v)
-                })
+                .and_then(|v| T::is_valid_decimal_precision(v, precision).then_some(v))
         });
         // Benefit:
         //     20% performance improvement
@@ -430,7 +426,7 @@ where
                 (mul * v.as_())
                     .round()
                     .to_i128()
-                    .filter(|v| Decimal128Type::validate_decimal_precision(*v, precision).is_ok())
+                    .filter(|v| Decimal128Type::is_valid_decimal_precision(*v, precision))
             })
             .with_precision_and_scale(precision, scale)
             .map(|a| Arc::new(a) as ArrayRef)
@@ -473,7 +469,7 @@ where
         array
             .unary_opt::<_, Decimal256Type>(|v| {
                 i256::from_f64((v.as_() * mul).round())
-                    .filter(|v| Decimal256Type::validate_decimal_precision(*v, precision).is_ok())
+                    .filter(|v| Decimal256Type::is_valid_decimal_precision(*v, precision))
             })
             .with_precision_and_scale(precision, scale)
             .map(|a| Arc::new(a) as ArrayRef)

arrow-cast/src/cast/mod.rs

@@ -327,9 +327,10 @@ where
     let array = if scale < 0 {
         match cast_options.safe {
             true => array.unary_opt::<_, D>(|v| {
-                v.as_().div_checked(scale_factor).ok().and_then(|v| {
-                    (D::validate_decimal_precision(v, precision).is_ok()).then_some(v)
-                })
+                v.as_()
+                    .div_checked(scale_factor)
+                    .ok()
+                    .and_then(|v| (D::is_valid_decimal_precision(v, precision)).then_some(v))
             }),
             false => array.try_unary::<_, D, _>(|v| {
                 v.as_()
@@ -340,9 +341,10 @@ where
     } else {
         match cast_options.safe {
             true => array.unary_opt::<_, D>(|v| {
-                v.as_().mul_checked(scale_factor).ok().and_then(|v| {
-                    (D::validate_decimal_precision(v, precision).is_ok()).then_some(v)
-                })
+                v.as_()
+                    .mul_checked(scale_factor)
+                    .ok()
+                    .and_then(|v| (D::is_valid_decimal_precision(v, precision)).then_some(v))
             }),
             false => array.try_unary::<_, D, _>(|v| {
                 v.as_()