[prism] Use non-deprecated docker types in environment.

[lostluck]

Attempt 2 in updating the docker configuration types to their non-deprecated versions.

This is to unblock updating to v27 of the docker libraries which removes the deprecated aliases.

Deps updates also require moving to go 1.21, so that change is happening here as well.

See #32059.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 58.67%. Comparing base (fb49e96) to head (cc31455).
Report is 7 commits behind head on master.

Files	Patch %	Lines
...go/pkg/beam/runners/prism/internal/environments.go	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             master   #32092    +/-   ##
==========================================
  Coverage     58.67%   58.67%            
  Complexity     3025     3025            
==========================================
  Files          1121     1121            
  Lines        172734   172850   +116     
  Branches       3275     3275            
==========================================
+ Hits         101350   101421    +71     
- Misses        68083    68123    +40     
- Partials       3301     3306     +5     

Flag	Coverage Δ
go	34.62% <0.00%> (+0.04%)	⬆️

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[jrmccluskey]

LGTM