Remove AlgorithmProvided related classes and documents.

[RaigorJiang]

For #22469.

Changes proposed in this pull request:

• Remove AlgorithmProvided related classes and documents.

---

Before committing this PR, I'm sure that I have checked the following options:

• My code follows the code of conduct of this project.
• I have self-reviewed the commit code.
• I have (or in comment I request) added corresponding labels for the pull request.
• I have passed maven check locally : ./mvnw clean install -B -T1C -Dmaven.javadoc.skip -Dmaven.jacoco.skip -e.
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #22640 (23d6b12) into master (994057f) will decrease coverage by 0.21%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master   #22640      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     49.68%   49.47%   -0.22%     
- Complexity     2434     2439       +5     
============================================
  Files          4111     4095      -16     
  Lines         57510    57204     -306     
  Branches       9831     9799      -32     
============================================
- Hits          28576    28303     -273     
+ Misses        26479    26466      -13     
+ Partials       2455     2435      -20     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...sphere/dbdiscovery/rule/DatabaseDiscoveryRule.java	67.56% <ø> (-4.20%)	⬇️
...pache/shardingsphere/encrypt/rule/EncryptRule.java	82.43% <ø> (-1.32%)	⬇️
...eadwritesplitting/rule/ReadwriteSplittingRule.java	64.47% <ø> (-2.59%)	⬇️
.../apache/shardingsphere/shadow/rule/ShadowRule.java	77.64% <ø> (+3.64%)	⬆️
...che/shardingsphere/sharding/rule/ShardingRule.java	85.29% <ø> (+0.54%)	⬆️
...ce/config/database/DatabaseRulePersistService.java	23.80% <ø> (ø)
...YamlShardingAutoTableRuleConfigurationSwapper.java	81.25% <0.00%> (-12.50%)	⬇️
...actReadwriteSplittingRuleConfigurationChecker.java	52.45% <0.00%> (-6.56%)	⬇️
.../swapper/YamlShardingRuleConfigurationSwapper.java	73.52% <0.00%> (-2.95%)	⬇️
...hecker/AbstractShadowRuleConfigurationChecker.java	68.18% <0.00%> (-2.28%)	⬇️
... and 1 more

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