Installation troubles...

[pvdklei]

I've wanted to try out arrayfire to speed up some calculations (in rust, not cpp), but after installing it to /opt/arrayfire and setting the environmental variables:

$ echo $AF_PATH
/opt/arrayfire

and

$ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
/opt/arrayfire/lib64 // or /opt/arrayfire/lib, I tried both, and even created two duplicates of the directory: lib and lib64

but an error occurs when trying out something simple:

use arrayfire as af;
use af::{Array, Dim4, randu, print};

fn main() {
    let dims = Dim4::new(&[5, 3, 1, 1]);
    let a = randu::<f32>(dims);
    print(&a);
}

namely

error: linking with `cc` failed: exit code: 1
  |
  = note: "cc" "-m64" "-L" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/playground.1aoax2tfw9s7f78r.rcgu.o" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/playground.1ebkme1zvs2rtcr7.rcgu.o" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/playground.1gmaanxh4i9cz6qp.rcgu.o" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/playground.1latvcgg1hjepj0c.rcgu.o" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/playground.2h3s8ekgajz7g7qh.rcgu.o" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/playground.3v7ev815qfdp4atk.rcgu.o" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/playground.4pu8k9rtk6cox549.rcgu.o" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/playground.51rqsp4z7bhiengm.rcgu.o" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/playground.7f37ybetqa4m08e.rcgu.o" "-o" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/playground" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/playground.obgl6p0h9sv65fp.rcgu.o" "-Wl,-dead_strip" "-nodefaultlibs" "-L" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps" "-L" "/opt/arrayfire/lib" "-L" "/opt/arrayfire/lib64" "-L" "/usr/local/lib" "-L" "/usr/lib" "-L" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/build/glfw-sys-18e0e4baf696aed1/out/lib" "-L" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/libarrayfire-b27552ba11a4042b.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/libhalf-bd08fd2e2cef5202.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/liblibc-46922849d95b2796.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/libnum-7f27e0ad131389b6.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/libnum_rational-ed1f558895f2b299.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/libnum_iter-2202a92a46fcf5e9.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/libnum_complex-0fec95524a779422.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/libnum_bigint-a949f801f8a854f4.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/libnum_integer-f55caa9968b5aade.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/libnum_traits-4efa7eecee5ac88c.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/Desktop/Code/graphics/playground/target/debug/deps/liblazy_static-c99c60063522767f.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libstd-f13f993217d0ff19.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libpanic_unwind-fd322230517448c5.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libhashbrown-bfac32b2346e6f4f.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/librustc_std_workspace_alloc-366aa1278b6a1212.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libbacktrace-e3336f6b916a3e06.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libbacktrace_sys-f90e2fda5c4354a8.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/librustc_demangle-3f082039d6523013.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libunwind-0e0d502cf4053e50.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libcfg_if-a69411463c63ffac.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/liblibc-63b216fe2d62ff77.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/liballoc-4e60e72e5eb2e571.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/librustc_std_workspace_core-4c26a78942ac2ec8.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libcore-81342cbee8440a1f.rlib" "/Users/pvdklei/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libcompiler_builtins-f0244eb4ede32fb8.rlib" "-lSystem" "-lresolv" "-lc" "-lm"
  = note: Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
            "_af_get_last_error", referenced from:
                arrayfire::core::error::get_last_error::hc6a8d9d99590c587 in libarrayfire-b27552ba11a4042b.rlib(arrayfire-b27552ba11a4042b.arrayfire.8784b43a-cgu.11.rcgu.o)
            "_af_free_host", referenced from:
                arrayfire::core::util::free_host::h69be059379ca13ca in libarrayfire-b27552ba11a4042b.rlib(arrayfire-b27552ba11a4042b.arrayfire.8784b43a-cgu.10.rcgu.o)
            "_af_release_array", referenced from:
                _$LT$arrayfire..core..array..Array$LT$T$GT$$u20$as$u20$core..ops..drop..Drop$GT$::drop::he9ec9b77d35bedf3 in libarrayfire-b27552ba11a4042b.rlib(arrayfire-b27552ba11a4042b.arrayfire.8784b43a-cgu.4.rcgu.o)
            "_af_print_array_gen", referenced from:
                arrayfire::core::array::print::h131ea6d8a0528025 in playground.3v7ev815qfdp4atk.rcgu.o
            "_af_randu", referenced from:
                arrayfire::core::random::randu::hb78865a4b22d2eac in playground.1aoax2tfw9s7f78r.rcgu.o
          ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
          clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
          

error: aborting due to previous error; 1 warning emitted

How can I solve this?

[9prady9]

It seems like path issues or broken installation. Please show the files under $AF_PATH and $AF_PATH/lib64

[pvdklei]

Sure!

the arrayfire folder contains LICENSES, include, lib, lib64 and share (where lib64 is just a copy of lib I created so I could test both), and lib contains:

libaf.3.7.2.dylib		libforge.1.dylib
libaf.3.dylib			libforge.dylib
libaf.dylib			libiomp5.dylib
libafcpu.3.7.2.dylib		libiompstubs5.dylib
libafcpu.3.dylib		libmkl_avx.dylib
libafcpu.dylib			libmkl_avx2.dylib
libafcuda.3.7.2.dylib		libmkl_avx512.dylib
libafcuda.3.dylib		libmkl_core.dylib
libafcuda.dylib			libmkl_intel_lp64.dylib
libafopencl.3.7.2.dylib		libmkl_intel_thread.dylib
libafopencl.3.dylib		libmkl_mc.dylib
libafopencl.dylib		libmkl_mc3.dylib
libcudart.10.1.dylib		libnvrtc-builtins.dylib
libcudnn.dylib			libnvrtc.10.1.dylib
libforge.1.0.5.dylib

Im using MacOS 10.15.6 btw!

[pvdklei]

I now see that set the environmental variable to LD_LIBRARY_PATH, while one of the setup tutorials said it should be DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH (another one said LD_LIBRARY_PATH is fine). But changing it has not helped...

[TheDan64]

I just had similar linking problems on Linux and had to run ldconfig $AF_PATH/lib64 to get ld to be aware of it

[9prady9]

I think we do mention about approaches in our tutorial - http://arrayfire.org/docs/installing.htm

@pvdklei If it is OSX, I would expect it to be DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH and you have to set it every time a new terminal sessions begins using export command. Has it not worked ? Did it work only with LD_LIBRARY_PATH ?

@TheDan64 ldconfig command as mentioned in our tutorial helps avoiding the repetitive setting of LD_LIBRARY_PATH every time you open a new terminal session. That doesn't mean it will only work if you run ldconfig command. Doing export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$AF_PATH/lib6 command will also work fine where AF_PATH is environment variable pointing to ArrayFire installation. What are the steps you carried out after installation ArrayFire ? I assume for your target OS is Linux.

[TheDan64]

Yes, targeting Linux. I just followed the instructions in the README under Use from Crates.io. I set AF_PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH but still got linking errors. Maybe I just needed to cargo clean to get a fresh build? I ended up doing that after ldconfig so there's no way to know now.

[9prady9]

@TheDan64 I do experience that issue sometimes. If you set the environment variables after running cargo build/test once, the linking errors don't go away. I have had to run cargo clean and then it will run smoothly. I believe cargo run's build.rs custom script perhaps caches the settings unless you do a clean.

[TheDan64]

I think that was my issue then. Perhaps it's worth mentioning in the readme?

[9prady9]

@TheDan64 Sure, will add it before closing this issue.

[pvdklei]

@9prady9 I set the env variables using the .bash_profile file. But cargo clean did the job so no worries! Thanks!