fix: Check for expected error types, rethrow unknown

[effigies]

Partially addresses #2130. @rwblair is working on fixing the real error.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 37.50000% with 15 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 87.51%. Comparing base (cfedf64) to head (ebd86bf).
Report is 4 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
bids-validator/src/schema/context.ts	33.33%	12 Missing ⚠️
bids-validator/src/validators/bids.ts	50.00%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2157      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   85.73%   87.51%   +1.78%     
==========================================
  Files          91      133      +42     
  Lines        3785     7050    +3265     
  Branches     1220     1669     +449     
==========================================
+ Hits         3245     6170    +2925     
- Misses        454      785     +331     
- Partials       86       95       +9     

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[effigies]

@rwblair This should go in before a release.