Update Docker image to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS

[tarolling]

Updated the Docker base DPP image to 24.04 and pinned it to a hash. Here is a list of known vulnerabilities with 24.04 (although all of them have some vulnerabilities). Additionally removed the noninteractive line, since as of 23.04 it is patched (see here for the 10-year long papertrail!).

Code change checklist

• I have ensured that all methods and functions are fully documented using doxygen style comments.
• My code follows the coding style guide.
• I tested that my change works before raising the PR.
• I have ensured that I did not break any existing API calls.
• I have not built my pull request using AI, a static analysis tool or similar without any human oversight.

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

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