bump docker/docker to v24.0.10-0.20240723193628-852759a7df45 #271

Job	Run time
build / Build	6m 30s
Docker Tests (basics)	1m 22s
Docker Tests (bootstraptoken)	51s
E2E Tests (startup)	8m 2s
Docker Tests (cacerts)	1m 0s
E2E Tests (s3)	8m 3s
Docker Tests (compat)	2m 20s
E2E Tests (btrfs)	3m 48s
Docker Tests (lazypull)	56s
Docker Tests (upgrade)	2m 28s
E2E Tests (externalip)	5m 0s
E2E Tests (privateregistry)	5m 58s
E2E Tests (embeddedmirror)	4m 51s
E2E Tests (wasm)	4m 24s
	55m 33s

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