🩹 Fix deprecation warnings related to qiskit-aer

[33Gjl1Xe]

Description

Switches to Qiskit's simulator provider in favor of qiskit-aer to get rid of some deprecation warnings.

Fixes #66
Fixes #94

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 84.1%. Comparing base (93548bc) to head (4787b2e).
Report is 244 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #103     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   84.2%   84.1%   -0.1%     
=======================================
  Files         18      18             
  Lines       1228    1226      -2     
  Branches     190     190             
=======================================
- Hits        1034    1032      -2     
  Misses       194     194             

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	79.5% <ø> (ø)
python	96.6% <100.0%> (-0.1%)	⬇️

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[burgholzer]

Many thanks. Looks much cleaner now.