roachtest: add roachtest.Operation and run-operation command

This change adds the ability to write roachtest Operations that,
unlike a full-on roachtest.Test, do not require an ephemeral cluster
to be spun up or down. These operations are expected to have as few
logical side effects as possible and can be run on a cluster with
running workloads. Running an Operation using `roachtest run-operation`
also guarantees that the Cockroach/Workload binaries on that node
will not be swapped with local ones, and that the cluster won't be
wiped unintentionally at the end or in case of error.

This change also adds add-index and add-column as two example operations
that operate in SQL land and demonstrate the purpose of an Operation.

Release note: None.

pkg/BUILD.bazel

@@ -1149,6 +1149,8 @@ GO_TARGETS = [
     "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/clusterstats:clusterstats",
     "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/clusterstats:clusterstats_test",
     "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/grafana:grafana",
+    "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/operation:operation",
+    "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/operations:operations",
     "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/option:option",
     "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/option:option_test",
     "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/registry:registry",

pkg/cmd/roachtest/BUILD.bazel

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ go_library(
         "github.go",
         "main.go",
         "monitor.go",
+        "operation_impl.go",
         "run.go",
         "slack.go",
         "test_filter.go",
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ go_library(
         "//pkg/build",
         "//pkg/cmd/internal/issues",
         "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/cluster",
+        "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/operations",
         "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/option",
         "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/registry",
         "//pkg/cmd/roachtest/roachtestflags",

pkg/cmd/roachtest/cluster.go

@@ -316,11 +316,15 @@ func initBinariesAndLibraries() {
 	cockroachPath := roachtestflags.CockroachPath
 	cockroachEAPath := roachtestflags.CockroachEAPath
 	workloadPath := roachtestflags.WorkloadPath
-	cockroach[defaultArch], _ = resolveBinary("cockroach", cockroachPath, defaultArch, true, false)
-	workload[defaultArch], _ = resolveBinary("workload", workloadPath, defaultArch, true, false)
-	cockroachEA[defaultArch], err = resolveBinary("cockroach-ea", cockroachEAPath, defaultArch, false, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WARN: unable to find %q for %q: %s\n", "cockroach-ea", defaultArch, err)
+	// If a remote cockroach binary has been specified, we don't need to resolve
+	// cockroach/workload binaries.
+	if roachtestflags.CockroachBinaryPath == "" {
+		cockroach[defaultArch], _ = resolveBinary("cockroach", cockroachPath, defaultArch, true, false)
+		workload[defaultArch], _ = resolveBinary("workload", workloadPath, defaultArch, true, false)
+		cockroachEA[defaultArch], err = resolveBinary("cockroach-ea", cockroachEAPath, defaultArch, false, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WARN: unable to find %q for %q: %s\n", "cockroach-ea", defaultArch, err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if roachtestflags.ARM64Probability > 0 && defaultArch != vm.ArchARM64 {
@@ -1815,17 +1819,22 @@ func (c *clusterImpl) PutE(
 // nodes in the cluster. By default, we randomly upload a binary with or without
 // runtime assertions enabled. Note that we upload to all nodes even if they
 // don't use the binary, so that the test runner can always fetch logs.
-func (c *clusterImpl) PutCockroach(ctx context.Context, l *logger.Logger, t *testImpl) error {
-	switch t.spec.CockroachBinary {
+func (c *clusterImpl) PutCockroach(ctx context.Context, l *logger.Logger, t test.Test) error {
+	binaryType := registry.StandardCockroach
+	switch tImpl := t.(type) {
+	case *testImpl:
+		binaryType = tImpl.spec.CockroachBinary
+	}
+	switch binaryType {
 	case registry.RandomizedCockroach:
 		if tests.UsingRuntimeAssertions(t) {
-			t.l.Printf("To reproduce the same set of metamorphic constants, run this test with %s=%d", test.EnvAssertionsEnabledSeed, c.cockroachRandomSeed())
+			t.L().Printf("To reproduce the same set of metamorphic constants, run this test with %s=%d", test.EnvAssertionsEnabledSeed, c.cockroachRandomSeed())
 		}
 		return c.PutE(ctx, l, t.Cockroach(), test.DefaultCockroachPath, c.All())
 	case registry.StandardCockroach:
 		return c.PutE(ctx, l, t.StandardCockroach(), test.DefaultCockroachPath, c.All())
 	case registry.RuntimeAssertionsCockroach:
-		t.l.Printf("To reproduce the same set of metamorphic constants, run this test with %s=%d", test.EnvAssertionsEnabledSeed, c.cockroachRandomSeed())
+		t.L().Printf("To reproduce the same set of metamorphic constants, run this test with %s=%d", test.EnvAssertionsEnabledSeed, c.cockroachRandomSeed())
 		return c.PutE(ctx, l, t.RuntimeAssertionsCockroach(), test.DefaultCockroachPath, c.All())
 	default:
 		return errors.Errorf("Specified cockroach binary does not exist.")
@@ -2863,6 +2872,12 @@ func (c *clusterImpl) MaybeExtendCluster(
 	ctx context.Context, l *logger.Logger, testSpec *registry.TestSpec,
 ) error {
 	timeout := testTimeout(testSpec)
+	return c.MaybeExtendClusterForTimeout(ctx, l, timeout)
+}
+
+func (c *clusterImpl) MaybeExtendClusterForTimeout(
+	ctx context.Context, l *logger.Logger, timeout time.Duration,
+) error {
 	minExp := timeutil.Now().Add(timeout + time.Hour)
 	if c.expiration.Before(minExp) {
 		extend := minExp.Sub(c.expiration)

pkg/cmd/roachtest/main.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/build"
+	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/cmd/roachtest/operations"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/cmd/roachtest/registry"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/cmd/roachtest/roachtestflags"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/cmd/roachtest/tests"
@@ -179,9 +180,31 @@ the cluster nodes on start.
 	}
 	roachtestflags.AddRunFlags(benchCmd.Flags())
 
+	var runOperationCmd = &cobra.Command{
+		// Don't display usage when tests fail.
+		SilenceUsage: true,
+		Use:          "run-operation [regex...]",
+		Short:        "run operations on cockroach cluster",
+		Long:         `Run automated operations on existing or ephemeral cockroach clusters.`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			if err := initRunFlagsBinariesAndLibraries(cmd); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			filter, err := makeTestFilter(args)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			fmt.Printf("\nRunning %s.\n\n", filter.String())
+			cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+			return runOperations(operations.RegisterOperations, filter)
+		},
+	}
+	roachtestflags.AddRunOpsFlags(runOperationCmd.Flags())
+
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(listCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(runCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(benchCmd)
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(runOperationCmd)
 
 	var err error
 	config.OSUser, err = user.Current()
@@ -263,6 +286,94 @@ func testsToRun(
 	return selectSpecs(notSkipped, selectProbability, true, print), nil
 }
 
+func opsToRun(
+	r testRegistryImpl,
+	filter *registry.TestFilter,
+	runSkipped bool,
+	selectProbability float64,
+	print bool,
+) ([]registry.OperationSpec, error) {
+	specs := filter.FilterOps(r.AllOperations())
+	if len(specs) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("no matching operations to run")
+	}
+
+	var notSkipped []registry.OperationSpec
+	for _, s := range specs {
+		if s.Skip == "" || runSkipped {
+			notSkipped = append(notSkipped, s)
+		} else {
+			if print && roachtestflags.TeamCity {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, "##teamcity[testIgnored name='%s' message='%s']\n",
+					s.Name, TeamCityEscape(s.Skip))
+			}
+			if print {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, "--- SKIP: %s (%s)\n\t%s\n", s.Name, "0.00s", s.Skip)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if print {
+		// We want to show information about all operations which match the
+		// pattern(s) but were excluded for other reasons.
+		relaxedFilter := registry.TestFilter{
+			Name: filter.Name,
+		}
+		for _, s := range relaxedFilter.FilterOps(r.AllOperations()) {
+			if matches, r := filter.MatchesOp(&s); !matches {
+				reason := filter.MatchFailReasonString(r)
+				// This test matches the "relaxed" filter but not the original filter.
+				if roachtestflags.TeamCity {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, "##teamcity[testIgnored name='%s' message='%s']\n", s.Name, reason)
+				}
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, "--- SKIP: %s (%s)\n\t%s\n", s.Name, "0.00s", reason)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return selectOpSpecs(notSkipped, selectProbability, print), nil
+}
+
+func selectOpSpecs(
+	specs []registry.OperationSpec, samplePct float64, print bool,
+) []registry.OperationSpec {
+	if samplePct == 1 || len(specs) == 0 {
+		return specs
+	}
+
+	var sampled []registry.OperationSpec
+	var selectedIdxs []int
+
+	// Selects one random spec from the range [start, end) and appends it to sampled.
+	for i, s := range specs {
+		if rand.Float64() < samplePct {
+			sampled = append(sampled, s)
+			selectedIdxs = append(selectedIdxs, i)
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+
+	p := 0
+	// This loop depends on an ordered list as we are essentially
+	// skipping all values in between the selected indexes.
+	for _, i := range selectedIdxs {
+		for j := p; j < i; j++ {
+			s := specs[j]
+			if print && roachtestflags.TeamCity {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, "##teamcity[testIgnored name='%s' message='excluded via sampling']\n",
+					s.Name)
+			}
+
+			if print {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, "--- SKIP: %s (%s)\n\texcluded via sampling\n", s.Name, "0.00s")
+			}
+		}
+		p = i + 1
+	}
+
+	return sampled
+}
+
 // selectSpecs returns a random sample of the given test specs.
 // If atLeastOnePerPrefix is true, it guarantees that at least one test is
 // selected for each prefix (e.g. kv0/, acceptance/).

pkg/cmd/roachtest/operation/BUILD.bazel

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl", "go_library")
+
+go_library(
+    name = "operation",
+    srcs = ["operation_interface.go"],
+    importpath = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/cmd/roachtest/operation",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    deps = ["//pkg/cmd/roachtest/test"],
+)

pkg/cmd/roachtest/operation/operation_interface.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Cockroach Authors.
+//
+// Use of this software is governed by the Business Source License
+// included in the file licenses/BSL.txt.
+//
+// As of the Change Date specified in that file, in accordance with
+// the Business Source License, use of this software will be governed
+// by the Apache License, Version 2.0, included in the file
+// licenses/APL.txt.
+
+package operation
+
+import "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/cmd/roachtest/test"
+
+type Operation interface {
+	test.Test
+
+	GetCleanupState(string) string
+	SetCleanupState(string, string)
+}