fix(select): float label on focus if there's a placeholder

Historically we've only floated the `mat-select` label if a value is selected or the panel is open, because we wouldn't otherwise have anything to show. These changes make it so that we also float it on focus, if there's `placeholder` text that can be shown. This behavior is consistent with `MatInput`.

Fixes angular#19514.

src/material/select/select.spec.ts

@@ -2323,7 +2323,7 @@ describe('MatSelect', () => {
           .toBe(true, 'Label should be floating');
     }));
 
-    it ('should default to global floating label type', fakeAsync(() => {
+    it('should default to global floating label type', fakeAsync(() => {
       fixture.destroy();
 
       TestBed.resetTestingModule();
@@ -2351,6 +2351,19 @@ describe('MatSelect', () => {
       expect(formField.classList.contains('mat-form-field-should-float'))
           .toBe(true, 'Label should be floating');
     }));
+
+    it('should float the label on focus if it has a placeholder', fakeAsync(() => {
+      expect(fixture.componentInstance.placeholder).toBeTruthy();
+
+      fixture.componentInstance.floatLabel = 'auto';
+      fixture.detectChanges();
+
+      dispatchFakeEvent(fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('.mat-select'), 'focus');
+      fixture.detectChanges();
+
+      expect(formField.classList.contains('mat-form-field-should-float'))
+          .toBe(true, 'Label should be floating');
+    }));
   });
 
   describe('with a sibling component that throws an error', () => {
@@ -4763,7 +4776,7 @@ class BasicSelectOnPushPreselected {
   selector: 'floating-label-select',
   template: `
     <mat-form-field [floatLabel]="floatLabel">
-      <mat-select placeholder="Food I want to eat right now" [formControl]="control">
+      <mat-select [placeholder]="placeholder" [formControl]="control">
         <mat-option *ngFor="let food of foods" [value]="food.value">
           {{ food.viewValue }}
         </mat-option>
@@ -4773,6 +4786,7 @@ class BasicSelectOnPushPreselected {
 })
 class FloatLabelSelect {
   floatLabel: FloatLabelType | null = 'auto';
+  placeholder = 'Food I want to eat right now';
   control = new FormControl();
   foods: any[] = [
     { value: 'steak-0', viewValue: 'Steak' },
@@ -4877,7 +4891,7 @@ class BasicSelectWithTheming {
   selector: 'reset-values-select',
   template: `
     <mat-form-field>
-      <mat-select placeholder="Food" [formControl]="control">
+      <mat-select [formControl]="control">
         <mat-option *ngFor="let food of foods" [value]="food.value">
           {{ food.viewValue }}
         </mat-option>

src/material/select/select.ts

@@ -1385,7 +1385,7 @@ export class MatSelect extends _MatSelectMixinBase implements AfterContentInit,
    * @docs-private
    */
   get shouldLabelFloat(): boolean {
-    return this._panelOpen || !this.empty;
+    return this._panelOpen || !this.empty || (this._focused && !!this._placeholder);
   }
 
   static ngAcceptInputType_required: BooleanInput;