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Botkit and Slack

Botkit is designed to ease the process of designing and running useful, creative bots that live inside Slack, Facebook Messenger, Twilio IP Messaging, and other messaging platforms.

Botkit features a comprehensive set of tools to deal with Slack's integration platform, and allows developers to build both custom integrations for their team, as well as public "Slack Button" applications that can be run from a central location, and be used by many teams at the same time.

This document covers the Slack-specific implementation details only. Start here if you want to learn about how to develop with Botkit.

Table of Contents

Getting Started

  1. Install Botkit more info here

  2. First make a bot integration inside of your Slack channel. Go here:

https://my.slack.com/services/new/bot

Enter a name for your bot. Make it something fun and friendly, but avoid a single task specific name. Bots can do lots! Let's not pigeonhole them.

  1. When you click "Add Bot Integration", you are taken to a page where you can add additional details about your bot, like an avatar, as well as customize its name & description.

Copy the API token that Slack gives you. You'll need it.

  1. Run the example bot app, using the token you just copied: ​
token=REPLACE_THIS_WITH_YOUR_TOKEN node slack_bot.js

​ 5) Your bot should be online! Within Slack, send it a quick direct message to say hello. It should say hello back!

Try:

  • who are you?
  • call me Bob
  • shutdown ​

Things to note

​ Much like a vampire, a bot has to be invited into a channel. DO NOT WORRY bots are not vampires.

Type: /invite @<my bot> to invite your bot into another channel.

Connecting Your Bot to Slack

Bot users connect to Slack using a real time API based on web sockets. The bot connects to Slack using the same protocol that the native Slack clients use!

To connect a bot to Slack, get a Bot API token from the Slack integrations page.

Note: Since API tokens can be used to connect to your team's Slack, it is best practices to handle API tokens with caution. For example, pass tokens into your application via an environment variable or command line parameter, rather than including it in the code itself. This is particularly true if you store and use API tokens on behalf of users other than yourself!

Read Slack's Bot User documentation

Slack Controller

The Botkit Slack controller object can be configured in a few different ways, depending on the type of integration you are building.

A simple single-team bot that uses Slack's Real Time Messaging (RTM) API can be instantiated without any special options:

var controller = Botkit.slackbot({});

In order to use Botkit's built in support for multi-team Slack "apps", pass in additional configuration options:

var controller = Botkit.slackbot({
    clientId: process.env.clientId,
    clientSecret: procss.env.clientSecret,
    scopes: ['bot'],
});

Botkit.slackbot()

Argument Description
config Configuration object

Creates a new Botkit SlackBot controller.

var controller = Botkit.slackbot({debug: true})

config object accepts these properties:

Name Value Description
debug Boolean Enable debug logging
stale_connection_timeout Positive integer Number of milliseconds to wait for a connection keep-alive "pong" response before declaring the connection stale. Default is 12000
send_via_rtm Boolean Send outgoing messages via the RTM instead of using Slack's RESTful API which supports more features
retry Positive integer or Infinity Maximum number of reconnect attempts after failed connection to Slack's real time messaging API. Retry is disabled by default
api_root Alternative root URL which allows routing requests to the Slack API through a proxy, or use of a mocked endpoints for testing. defaults to https://slack.com

controller.spawn()

Argument Description
config Incoming message object

Spawn an instance of your bot and connect it to Slack. This function takes a configuration object which should contain at least one method of talking to the Slack API.

To use the real time / bot user API, pass in a token.

Controllers can also spawn bots that use incoming webhooks.

Spawn config object accepts these properties:

Name Value Description
token String Slack bot token

Require Delivery Confirmation for RTM Messages

In order to guarantee the order in which your messages arrive, Botkit supports an optional delivery confirmation requirement. This will force Botkit to wait for a confirmation events for each outgoing message before continuing to the next message in a conversation.

Developers who send many messages in a row, particularly with payloads containing images or attachments, should consider enabling this option. Slack's API sometimes experiences a delay delivering messages with large files attached, and this delay can cause messages to appear out of order. Note that for Slack, this is only applies to bots with the send_via_rtm option enabled.

To enable this option, pass in {require_delivery: true} to your Botkit Slack controller, as below:

var controller = Botkit.slackbot({
    require_delivery: true,
})

bot.startRTM()

Argument Description
callback Optional Callback in the form function(err,bot,payload) { ... }

Opens a connection to Slack's real time API. This connection will remain open until it fails or is closed using closeRTM().

The optional callback function receives:

  • Any error that occurred while connecting to Slack
  • An updated bot object
  • The resulting JSON payload of the Slack API command rtm.start

The payload that this callback function receives contains a wealth of information about the bot and its environment, including a complete list of the users and channels visible to the bot. This information should be cached and used when possible instead of calling Slack's API.

A successful connection the API will also cause a rtm_open event to be fired on the controller object.

bot.closeRTM()

Close the connection to the RTM. Once closed, an rtm_close event is fired on the controller object.

var Botkit = require('botkit');

var controller = Botkit.slackbot();

var bot = controller.spawn({
  token: my_slack_bot_token
})

bot.startRTM(function(err,bot,payload) {
  if (err) {
    throw new Error('Could not connect to Slack');
  }

  // close the RTM for the sake of it in 5 seconds
  setTimeout(function() {
      bot.closeRTM();
  }, 5000);
});

bot.destroy()

Completely shutdown and cleanup the spawned worker. Use bot.closeRTM() only to disconnect but not completely tear down the worker.

var Botkit = require('botkit');
var controller = Botkit.slackbot();
var bot = controller.spawn({
  token: my_slack_bot_token
})

bot.startRTM(function(err, bot, payload) {
  if (err) {
    throw new Error('Could not connect to Slack');
  }
});

// some time later (e.g. 10s) when finished with the RTM connection and worker
setTimeout(bot.destroy.bind(bot), 10000)

Slack Threads

Messages in Slack may now exist as part of a thread, separate from the messages included in the main channel. Threads can be used to create new and interesting interactions for bots. This blog post discusses some of the possibilities.

Botkit's default behavior is for replies to be sent in-context. That is, if a bot replies to a message in a main channel, the reply will be added to the main channel. If a bot replies to a message in a thread, the reply will be added to the thread. This behavior can be changed by using one of the following specialized functions:

bot.replyInThread()

Argument Description
message Incoming message object
reply String or Object Outgoing response
callback Optional Callback in the form function(err,response) { ... }

This specialized version of bot.reply() ensures that the reply being sent will be in a thread. When used to reply to a message that is already in a thread, the reply will be properly added to the thread. Developers who wish to ensure their bot's replies appear in threads should use this function instead of bot.reply().

bot.startConversationInThread()

Argument Description
message incoming message to which the conversation is in response
callback a callback function in the form of function(err,conversation) { ... }

Like bot.startConversation(), this creates conversation in response to an incoming message. However, the resulting conversation and all followup messages will occur in a thread attached to the original incoming message.

bot.createConversationInThread()

Argument Description
message incoming message to which the conversation is in response
callback a callback function in the form of function(err,conversation) { ... }

Creates a conversation that lives in a thread, but returns it in an inactive state. See bot.createConversation() for details.

Slack-Specific Events

Once connected to Slack, bots receive a constant stream of events - everything from the normal messages you would expect to typing notifications and presence change events.

Botkit's message parsing and event system does a great deal of filtering on this real time stream so developers do not need to parse every message. See Receiving Messages for more information about listening for and responding to messages.

It is also possible to bind event handlers directly to any of the enormous number of native Slack events, as well as a handful of custom events emitted by Botkit.

You can receive and handle any of the native events thrown by slack.

controller.on('channel_joined',function(bot,message) {

  // message contains data sent by slack
  // in this case:
  // https://api.slack.com/events/channel_joined

});

You can also receive and handle a long list of additional events caused by messages that contain a subtype field, as listed here

controller.on('channel_leave',function(bot,message) {

  // message format matches this:
  // https://api.slack.com/events/message/channel_leave

})

Finally, Botkit throws a handful of its own events! Events related to the general operation of bots are below. When used in conjunction with the Slack Button, Botkit also fires a few additional events.

User Activity Events:

Event Description
message_received a message was received by the bot
bot_channel_join the bot has joined a channel
user_channel_join a user has joined a channel
bot_group_join the bot has joined a group
user_group_join a user has joined a group

Message Received Events

Event Description
direct_message the bot received a direct message from a user
direct_mention the bot was addressed directly in a channel
mention the bot was mentioned by someone in a message
ambient the message received had no mention of the bot

Websocket Events:

Event Description
rtm_open a connection has been made to the RTM api
rtm_close a connection to the RTM api has closed
rtm_reconnect_failed if retry enabled, retry attempts have been exhausted

Working with Slack Integrations

There are a dizzying number of ways to integrate your application into Slack. Up to this point, this document has mainly dealt with the real time / bot user integration. In addition to this type of integration, Botkit also supports:

  • Incoming Webhooks - a way to send (but not receive) messages to Slack
  • Outgoing Webhooks - a way to receive messages from Slack based on a keyword or phrase
  • Slash Command - a way to add /slash commands to Slack
  • Slack Web API - a full set of RESTful API tools to deal with Slack
  • The Slack Button - a way to build Slack applications that can be used by multiple teams
  • Events API - receive messages and other events via a RESTful web API
var Botkit = require('botkit');
var controller = Botkit.slackbot({})

var bot = controller.spawn({
  token: my_slack_bot_token
});

// use RTM
bot.startRTM(function(err,bot,payload) {
  // handle errors...
});

// send webhooks
bot.configureIncomingWebhook({url: webhook_url});
bot.sendWebhook({
  text: 'Hey!',
  channel: '#testing',
},function(err,res) {
  // handle error
});

// receive outgoing or slash commands
// if you are already using Express, you can use your own server instance...
// see "Use BotKit with an Express web server"
controller.setupWebserver(process.env.port,function(err,webserver) {

  controller.createWebhookEndpoints(controller.webserver);

});

controller.on('slash_command',function(bot,message) {

  // reply to slash command
  bot.replyPublic(message,'Everyone can see the results of this slash command');

});

Incoming webhooks

Incoming webhooks allow you to send data from your application into Slack. To configure Botkit to send an incoming webhook, first set one up via Slack's integration page.

Once configured, use the sendWebhook function to send messages to Slack.

Read official docs

bot.configureIncomingWebhook()

Argument Description
config Configure a bot to send webhooks

Add a webhook configuration to an already spawned bot. It is preferable to spawn the bot pre-configured, but hey, sometimes you need to do it later.

bot.sendWebhook()

Argument Description
message A message object
callback Optional Callback in the form function(err,response) { ... }

Pass sendWebhook an object that contains at least a text field. This object may also contain other fields defined by Slack which can alter the appearance of your message.

var bot = controller.spawn({
  incoming_webhook: {
    url: <my_webhook_url>
  }
})

bot.sendWebhook({
  text: 'This is an incoming webhook',
  channel: '#general',
},function(err,res) {
  if (err) {
    // ...
  }
});

Outgoing Webhooks and Slash commands

Outgoing webhooks and Slash commands allow you to send data out of Slack.

Outgoing webhooks are used to match keywords or phrases in Slack. Read Slack's official documentation here.

Slash commands are special commands triggered by typing a "/" then a command. Read Slack's official documentation here.

Though these integrations are subtly different, Botkit normalizes the details so developers may focus on providing useful functionality rather than peculiarities of the Slack API parameter names.

Note that since these integrations use send webhooks from Slack to your application, your application will have to be hosted at a public IP address or domain name, and properly configured within Slack.

Set up an outgoing webhook

Set up a Slash command

controller.setupWebserver(port,function(err,express_webserver) {
  controller.createWebhookEndpoints(express_webserver)
});

Securing Outgoing Webhooks and Slash commands

You can optionally protect your application with authentication of the requests from Slack. Slack will generate a unique request token for each Slash command and outgoing webhook (see Slack documentation). You can configure the web server to validate that incoming requests contain a valid api token by adding an express middleware authentication module.

controller.setupWebserver(port,function(err,express_webserver) {
  controller.createWebhookEndpoints(express_webserver, ['AUTH_TOKEN', 'ANOTHER_AUTH_TOKEN']);
  // you can pass the tokens as an array, or variable argument list
  //controller.createWebhookEndpoints(express_webserver, 'AUTH_TOKEN_1', 'AUTH_TOKEN_2');
  // or
  //controller.createWebhookEndpoints(express_webserver, 'AUTH_TOKEN');
});

Handling slash_command and outgoing_webhook events

controller.on('slash_command',function(bot,message) {

    // reply to slash command
    bot.replyPublic(message,'Everyone can see this part of the slash command');
    bot.replyPrivate(message,'Only the person who used the slash command can see this.');

})

controller.on('outgoing_webhook',function(bot,message) {

    // reply to outgoing webhook command
    bot.replyPublic(message,'Everyone can see the results of this webhook command');

})

controller.setupWebserver()

Argument Description
port port for webserver
callback callback function

Setup an Express webserver for use with createWebhookEndpoints()

If you need more than a simple webserver to receive webhooks, you should by all means create your own Express webserver!

The callback function receives the Express object as a parameter, which may be used to add further web server routes.

controller.createWebhookEndpoints()

This function configures the route http://_your_server_/slack/receive to receive webhooks from Slack.

This url should be used when configuring Slack.

When a slash command is received from Slack, Botkit fires the slash_command event.

When an outgoing webhook is received from Slack, Botkit fires the outgoing_webhook event.

bot.replyAcknowledge

Argument Description
callback optional callback

When used with slash commands, this function responds with a 200 OK response with an empty response body. View Slack's docs here

bot.replyPublic()

Argument Description
src source message as received from slash or webhook
reply reply message (string or object)
callback optional callback

When used with outgoing webhooks, this function sends an immediate response that is visible to everyone in the channel.

When used with slash commands, this function has the same functionality. However, slash commands also support private, and delayed messages. See below. View Slack's docs here

bot.replyPrivate()

Argument Description
src source message as received from slash
reply reply message (string or object)
callback optional callback

bot.replyPublicDelayed()

Argument Description
src source message as received from slash
reply reply message (string or object)
callback optional callback

bot.replyPrivateDelayed()

Argument Description
src source message as received from slash
reply reply message (string or object)
callback optional callback

bot.replyAndUpdate()

Argument Description
src source message as received from slash or webhook
reply reply message that might get updated (string or object)
callback optional asynchronous callback that performs a task and updates the reply message

Sending a message, performing a task and then updating the sent message based on the result of that task is made simple with this method:

Note: For the best user experience, try not to use this method to indicate bot activity. Instead, use bot.startTyping.

// fixing a typo
controller.hears('hello', ['ambient'], function(bot, msg) {
  // send a message back: "hellp"
  bot.replyAndUpdate(msg, 'hellp', function(err, src, updateResponse) {
    if (err) console.error(err);
    // oh no, "hellp" is a typo - let's update the message to "hello"
    updateResponse('hello', function(err) {
      console.error(err)
    });
  });
});

Using the Slack Web API

All (or nearly all - they change constantly!) of Slack's current web api methods are supported using a syntax designed to match the endpoints themselves.

If your bot has the appropriate scope, it may call any of these methods using this syntax:

bot.api.channels.list({},function(err,response) {
  //Do something...
})

Use the Slack Button

The Slack Button is a way to offer a Slack integration as a service available to multiple teams. Botkit includes a framework on top of which Slack Button applications can be built.

Slack button applications can use one or more of the real time API, incoming webhook and slash command integrations, which can be added automatically to a team using a special oauth scope.

If special oauth scopes sounds scary, this is probably not for you! The Slack Button is useful for developers who want to offer a service to multiple teams.

How many teams can a Slack button app built using Botkit handle? This will largely be dependent on the environment it is hosted in and the type of integrations used. A reasonably well equipped host server should be able to easily handle at least one hundred real time connections at once.

To handle more than one hundred bots at once, consider speaking to the creators of Botkit at Howdy.ai

For Slack button applications, Botkit provides:

  • A simple webserver
  • OAuth Endpoints for login via Slack
  • Storage of API tokens and team data via built-in Storage
  • Events for when a team joins, a new integration is added, and others...

See the included examples for several ready to use example apps.

controller.configureSlackApp()

Argument Description
config configuration object containing clientId, clientSecret, redirectUri and scopes

Configure Botkit to work with a Slack application.

Get a clientId and clientSecret from Slack's API site. Configure Slash command, incoming webhook, or bot user integrations on this site as well.

Configuration must include:

  • clientId - Application clientId from Slack
  • clientSecret - Application clientSecret from Slack
  • redirectUri - the base url of your application
  • scopes - an array of oauth permission scopes

Slack has many, many oauth scopes that can be combined in different ways. There are also special oauth scopes used when requesting Slack Button integrations. It is important to understand which scopes your application will need to function, as without the proper permission, your API calls will fail.

controller.createOauthEndpoints()

Argument Description
webserver an Express webserver Object
error_callback function to handle errors that may occur during oauth

Call this function to create two web urls that handle login via Slack. Once called, the resulting webserver will have two new routes: http://_your_server_/login and http://_your_server_/oauth. The second url will be used when configuring the "Redirect URI" field of your application on Slack's API site.

var Botkit = require('botkit');
var controller = Botkit.slackbot();

controller.configureSlackApp({
  clientId: process.env.clientId,
  clientSecret: process.env.clientSecret,
  redirectUri: 'http://localhost:3002',
  scopes: ['incoming-webhook','team:read','users:read','channels:read','im:read','im:write','groups:read','emoji:read','chat:write:bot']
});

controller.setupWebserver(process.env.port,function(err,webserver) {

  // set up web endpoints for oauth, receiving webhooks, etc.
  controller
    .createHomepageEndpoint(controller.webserver)
    .createOauthEndpoints(controller.webserver,function(err,req,res) { ... })
    .createWebhookEndpoints(controller.webserver);

});

Custom auth flows

In addition to the Slack Button, you can send users through an auth flow via a Slack interaction. The getAuthorizeURL provides the url. It requires the team_id and accepts an optional redirect_params argument.

controller.getAuthorizeURL(team_id, redirect_params);

The redirect_params argument is passed back into the create_user and update_user events so you can handle auth flows in different ways. For example:

controller.on('create_user', function(bot, user, redirect_params) {
    if (redirect_params.slash_command_id) {
        // continue processing the slash command for the user
    }
});

How to identify what team your message came from

var team = bot.identifyTeam() // returns team id

How to identify the bot itself (for RTM only)

var identity = bot.identifyBot() // returns object with {name, id, team_id}

Slack Button specific events:

Event Description
create_incoming_webhook
create_bot
update_team
create_team
create_user
update_user
oauth_error

Message Buttons

Slack applications can use "message buttons" or "interactive messages" to include buttons inside attachments. Read the official Slack documentation here

Interactive messages can be sent via any of Botkit's built in functions by passing in the appropriate attachment as part of the message. When users click the buttons in Slack, Botkit triggers an interactive_message_callback event.

When an interactive_message_callback is received, your bot can either reply with a new message, or use the special bot.replyInteractive function which will result in the original message in Slack being replaced by the reply. Using replyInteractive, bots can present dynamic interfaces inside a single message.

In order to use interactive messages, your bot will have to be registered as a Slack application, and will have to use the Slack button authentication system. To receive callbacks, register a callback url as part of applications configuration. Botkit's built in support for the Slack Button system supports interactive message callbacks at the url https://_your_server_/slack/receive Note that Slack requires this url to be secured with https.

During development, a tool such as localtunnel.me is useful for temporarily exposing a compatible webhook url to Slack while running Botkit privately.

// set up a botkit app to expose oauth and webhook endpoints
controller.setupWebserver(process.env.port,function(err,webserver) {

  // set up web endpoints for oauth, receiving webhooks, etc.
  controller
    .createHomepageEndpoint(controller.webserver)
    .createOauthEndpoints(controller.webserver,function(err,req,res) { ... })
    .createWebhookEndpoints(controller.webserver);

});

Send an interactive message

controller.hears('interactive', 'direct_message', function(bot, message) {

    bot.reply(message, {
        attachments:[
            {
                title: 'Do you want to interact with my buttons?',
                callback_id: '123',
                attachment_type: 'default',
                actions: [
                    {
                        "name":"yes",
                        "text": "Yes",
                        "value": "yes",
                        "type": "button",
                    },
                    {
                        "name":"no",
                        "text": "No",
                        "value": "no",
                        "type": "button",
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    });
});

Receive an interactive message callback

// receive an interactive message, and reply with a message that will replace the original
controller.on('interactive_message_callback', function(bot, message) {

    // check message.actions and message.callback_id to see what action to take...

    bot.replyInteractive(message, {
        text: '...',
        attachments: [
            {
                title: 'My buttons',
                callback_id: '123',
                attachment_type: 'default',
                actions: [
                    {
                        "name":"yes",
                        "text": "Yes!",
                        "value": "yes",
                        "type": "button",
                    },
                    {
                       "text": "No!",
                        "name": "no",
                        "value": "delete",
                        "style": "danger",
                        "type": "button",
                        "confirm": {
                          "title": "Are you sure?",
                          "text": "This will do something!",
                          "ok_text": "Yes",
                          "dismiss_text": "No"
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    });

});

Using Interactive Messages in Conversations

It is possible to use interactive messages in conversations, with the convo.ask function. In order to do this, you must instantiate your Botkit controller with the interactive_replies option set to true:

var controller = Botkit.slackbot({interactive_replies: true});

This will cause Botkit to pass all interactive_message_callback messages into the normal conversation system. When used in conjunction with convo.ask, expect the response text to match the button value field.

bot.startConversation(message, function(err, convo) {

    convo.ask({
        attachments:[
            {
                title: 'Do you want to proceed?',
                callback_id: '123',
                attachment_type: 'default',
                actions: [
                    {
                        "name":"yes",
                        "text": "Yes",
                        "value": "yes",
                        "type": "button",
                    },
                    {
                        "name":"no",
                        "text": "No",
                        "value": "no",
                        "type": "button",
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    },[
        {
            pattern: "yes",
            callback: function(reply, convo) {
                convo.say('FABULOUS!');
                convo.next();
                // do something awesome here.
            }
        },
        {
            pattern: "no",
            callback: function(reply, convo) {
                convo.say('Too bad');
                convo.next();
            }
        },
        {
            default: true,
            callback: function(reply, convo) {
                // do nothing
            }
        }
    ]);
});

Events API

The Events API is a streamlined way to build apps and bots that respond to activities in Slack. You must setup a Slack App to use Events API. Slack events are delivered to a secure webhook, and allows you to connect to slack without the RTM websocket connection.

During development, a tool such as localtunnel.me is useful for temporarily exposing a compatible webhook url to Slack while running Botkit privately.

Note: Currently presence is not supported by Slack Events API, so bot users will appear offline, but will still function normally. Developers may want to create an RTM connection in order to make the bot appear online - see note below.

To get started with the Events API:

  1. Create a Slack App
  2. Setup oauth url with Slack so teams can add your app with the slack button. Botkit creates an oAuth endpoint at http://MY_HOST/oauth if using localtunnel your url may look like this https://example-134l123.localtunnel.me/oauth
  3. Setup request URL under Events API to receive events at. Botkit will create webhooks for slack to send messages to at http://MY_HOST/slack/receive. if using localtunnel your url may look like this https://example-134l123.localtunnel.me/slack/receive
  4. Select the specific events you would like to subscribe to with your bot. Slack only sends your webhook the events you subscribe to. Read more about Event Types here
  5. When running your bot, you must configure the slack app, setup webhook endpoints, and oauth endpoints.
var controller = Botkit.slackbot({
    debug: false,
}).configureSlackApp({
    clientId: process.env.clientId,
    clientSecret: process.env.clientSecret,
    // Disable receiving messages via the RTM even if connected
    rtm_receive_messages: false,
    // Request bot scope to get all the bot events you have signed up for
    scopes: ['bot'],
});

// Setup the webhook which will receive Slack Event API requests
controller.setupWebserver(process.env.port, function(err, webserver) {
    controller.createWebhookEndpoints(controller.webserver);

    controller.createOauthEndpoints(controller.webserver, function(err, req, res) {
        if (err) {
            res.status(500).send('ERROR: ' + err);
        } else {
            res.send('Success!');
        }
    });
});

Bot Presence

Currently presence is not supported by Slack Events API, so bot users will appear offline, but will still function normally. Developers may want to establish an RTM connection in order to make the bot appear online.

Since the Events API will send duplicates copies of many of the messages normally received via RTM, Botkit provides a configuration option that allows an RTM connection to be open, but for messages received via that connection to be discarded in favor of the Events API.

To enable this option, pass in rtm_receive_messages: false to your Botkit controller:

var controller = Botkit.slackbot({
    rtm_receive_messages: false
});

Documentation