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# qiskit-runtime
Tutorials and modules related to Qiskit Runtime service and programs
# Qiskit Runtime

[![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/Qiskit/qiskit-terra.svg?style=popout-square)](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)
[![](https://img.shields.io/github/release/Qiskit-Partners/qiskit-runtime.svg?style=popout-square)](https://github.com/Qiskit-Partners/qiskit-runtime/releases)
[![](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/qiskit-runtime.svg?style=popout-square)](https://pypi.org/project/qiskit-runtime/)

**Qiskit Runtime** is a new architecture offered by IBM Quantum that significantly reduces waiting time during
computational iterations. You can execute your experiments near the quantum hardware, without
the interactions of multiple layers of classical and quantum hardware slowing it down.

Using Qiskit Runtime, for example, a research team at IBM Quantum was able to achieve 120x speed
up in their lithium hydride simulation (link to come).

Qiskit Runtime allows authorized users to upload their Qiskit quantum programs for themselves or
others to use. A Qiskit quantum program, also called a Qiskit runtime program, is a piece of Python code that takes certain inputs, performs
quantum and maybe classical computation, and returns the processing results. The same or other
authorized users can then invoke these quantum programs by simply passing in the required input parameters.

---

:warning: Qiskit Runtime is currently in private beta for members of the IBM Quantum Network —
but check back, as we’ll be releasing it publicly soon!

---

## Installation

We encourage installing via the pip tool (a python package manager):

```bash
pip install qiskit
```

PIP will handle all dependencies automatically and you will always install the latest (and well-tested) version.

## Executing a runtime program

### Configuring your IBM Quantum credentials

Before you can start using Qiskit Runtime, make sure you have an [IBM Quantum](https://quantum-computing.ibm.com)
account. If this is
your first time using IBM Quantum or Qiskit, please refer to the instruction in the
[`qiskit-ibmq-provider`](https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-ibmq-provider#configure-your-ibm-quantum-experience-credentials)
repository to configure your IBM Quantum credentials.


### Finding available programs

To list all available programs:

```python

from qiskit import IBMQ

IBMQ.load_account()
provider = IBMQ.get_provider(hub='MY_HUB', group='MY_GROUP', project='MY_PROJECT')
provider.runtime.pprint_programs()
```

`pprint_programs()` prints the metadata of all programs visible to you. A program's metadata
consists of its ID, name, description, input parameters, return values, interim results, and
other information that helps you to know more about the program.

If you know the ID of the program you're looking for, you can also print out the metadata of just
that one program:

```python
print(provider.runtime.program('runtime-simple'))
```

The output of the code above would be:

```
runtime-simple:
Name: runtime-simple
Description: Simple runtime program used for testing.
Version: 1
Creation date: 2021-05-04T01:38:21Z
Max execution time: 300
Parameters:
- iterations:
Description: Number of iterations to run. Each iteration generates and runs a random circuit.
Type: int
Required: True
Interim results:
- iteration:
Description: Iteration number.
Type: int
- counts:
Description: Histogram data of the circuit result.
Type: dict
Returns:
- -:
Description: A string that says 'All done!'.
Type: string
```

`runtime-simple`, as the name suggests, is a simple program used mainly for testing.
It takes only 1 input parameter `iterations`, which indicates how many iterations to run.
For each iteration it generates and runs a random 5-qubit circuit and returns the counts as well
as the iteration number as the interim results. When the program finishes, it returns the sentence
`All done!`. This program has a maximum execution time of 300 seconds, after which the execution will
be forcibly terminated.

### Executing the `runtime-simple` program

Because `runtime-simple` provides interim results, which are results available to you while the program is
still running, we want to first define a callback function that would handle these interim results:

```python
def interim_result_callback(job_id, interim_result):
print(f"interim result: {interim_result}")
```

When an interim result is available, this callback function will be invoked and the result data passed to it.
Not all programs provide interim results, and you don't have to provide a callback even if the program you're
executing does provide them.

To run the `runtime-simple` program:

```python
backend = provider.get_backend('ibmq_montreal')
runtime_inputs = {
'iterations': 3
}
options = {'backend_name': backend.name()}
job = provider.runtime.run(program_id="runtime-simple",
options=options,
inputs=runtime_inputs,
callback=interim_result_callback
)
print(f"job ID: {job.job_id()}")
result = job.result()
```

### Deleting your job

While not strictly necessary, deleting unwanted jobs can help with performance when you want to query
for old jobs. To delete a job:

```python
provider.runtime.delete_job('JOB_ID')
```

## Limitations

### Payload size

Qiskit Runtime is still in beta mode, so there is a limit of 127KB on the size of the payload you can send
to a program. To check the size of your payload:

```python
import sys
import json
from qiskit.providers.ibmq.runtime import RuntimeEncoder

# This is the input parameters to be passed to the program.
runtime_inputs = {
'iterations': 3
}

serialized = json.dumps(runtime_inputs, cls=RuntimeEncoder)
print(f"input payload size={sys.getsizeof(serialized)}") # Size needs to be smaller than 130048
```

If your payload is too large, you'll get an error message `'exec user process caused "argument list too long"'`.


### Backends

Currently the only backend that support Qiskit Runtime is `ibmq_montreal`.


### API

Qiskit Runtime is still in beta mode, and heavy modifications to both functionality and API
are likely to occur. Some of the changes might not be backward compatible and would require updating
your Qiskit version.

## Next Steps

This README only provides a quick overview of Qiskit Runtime. Check out the
[tutorials](https://github.com/Qiskit-Partners/qiskit-runtime/tree/main/docs).
The Qiskit user interface for accessing Qiskit Runtime is provided by `qiskit-ibmq-provider`, so you
might want to also check out its [runtime API documentation](https://qiskit.org/documentation/apidoc/ibmq_runtime.html).

## License

[Apache License 2.0](LICENSE.txt)
17 changes: 10 additions & 7 deletions tutorials/00_introduction.ipynb
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"The Qiskit Runtime Service allows authorized users to upload their Qiskit quantum programs.\n",
"A Qiskit quantum program is a piece of Python code that takes certain inputs, performs\n",
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"authorized users can invoke these quantum programs by simply passing in the required input parameters.\n",
"Qiskit Runtime is a new architecture offered by IBM Quantum that significantly reduces waiting time during \n",
"computational iterations. You can execute your experiments near the quantum hardware, without \n",
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"\n",
"These Qiskit quantum programs, sometimes called Qiskit Runtime programs, run in a special\n",
"runtime environment that significantly reduces waiting time during computational\n",
"iterations."
"Using Qiskit Runtime, for example, a research team at IBM Quantum was able to achieve 120x speed \n",
"up in their lithium hydride simulation (link to come). \n",
"\n",
"Qiskit Runtime allows authorized users to upload their Qiskit quantum programs for themselves or \n",
"others to use. A Qiskit quantum program, also called a Qiskit runtime program, is a piece of Python code that takes certain inputs, performs\n",
"quantum and maybe classical computation, and returns the processing results. The same or other\n",
"authorized users can then invoke these quantum programs by simply passing in the required input parameters."
]
},
{
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