Adds error handling for the async client

[elena-kolevska]

Description

Continuation of #659 for the async client.

Issue reference

#648

Checklist

Please make sure you've completed the relevant tasks for this PR, out of the following list:

• Code compiles correctly
• Created/updated tests

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 4 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (fc0e9d1) 86.37% compared to head (cbc54ea) 86.36%.
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

❗ Current head cbc54ea differs from pull request most recent head 6148bca. Consider uploading reports for the commit 6148bca to get more accurate results

Files	Patch %	Lines
dapr/aio/clients/grpc/client.py	91.83%	4 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #671      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   86.37%   86.36%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files          79       79              
  Lines        4094     4121      +27     
==========================================
+ Hits         3536     3559      +23     
- Misses        558      562       +4     

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[elena-kolevska]

@berndverst the python 3.11 run passes now, after having merged main. We should be good to go.

[berndverst]

@elena-kolevska that makes no sense, but I'll take it :D