backport: merge bitcoin#23060, #24164, #23565, #24337, #27682, #29208, #29091, #29165, #29934, #30261, partial bitcoin#27662, #28210, #28348, #30263 (bump minimum compiler)

[kwvg]

Additional Information

• Dependent on backport: merge bitcoin#24241, #24534, #24948, #28622, #28880, #29185, #29170, #29233, #29298, #29598, #29732, #29890, #29739, #30074, #30198, #29072 (toolchain backports: part 2) #6385
• Dependent on ci: build GCC 14, build nowallet depends and source with it, stage built packages in /opt, allowlist LLVM libc++ #6387

Breaking Changes

GCC 11.1 or later, or Clang 16.0 or later, are now required to compile Dash Core.

Checklist:

• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas (note: N/A)
• I have added or updated relevant unit/integration/functional/e2e tests (note: N/A)
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have assigned this pull request to a milestone (for repository code-owners and collaborators only)

[github-actions]

This pull request has conflicts, please rebase.