remove using namespace std from headers

dlib/any/any_function_abstract.h

@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ namespace dlib
                     #include <iostream>
                     #include <string>
                     #include "dlib/any.h"
-                    using namespace std;
                     void print_message(string str) { cout << str << endl; }
 
                     int main()

dlib/cmd_line_parser/cmd_line_parser_kernel_1.h

@@ -414,8 +414,6 @@ namespace dlib
         const charT** argv
     )
     {
-        using namespace std;
-
         // make sure there aren't any arguments hanging around from the last time
         // parse was called
         this->argv.clear();

dlib/config_reader/config_reader_thread_safe_1.h

@@ -426,7 +426,6 @@ namespace dlib
     fill_block_table (
     ) 
     {
-        using namespace std;
         // first empty out the block table
         block_table.reset();
         while (block_table.move_next())

dlib/cpp_pretty_printer/cpp_pretty_printer_kernel_1.h

@@ -122,8 +122,6 @@ namespace dlib
         const std::string& title
     ) const
     {
-        using namespace std;
-
         if (!out)
             throw std::ios::failure("error occurred in cpp_pretty_printer_kernel_1::print");
 
@@ -497,7 +495,6 @@ namespace dlib
         const std::string& title
     ) const
     {
-        using namespace std;
         ostringstream sout;
         print(in,sout,title);
         istringstream sin(sout.str());

dlib/cpp_pretty_printer/cpp_pretty_printer_kernel_2.h

@@ -122,8 +122,6 @@ namespace dlib
         const std::string& title
     ) const
     {
-        using namespace std;
-
         if (!out)
             throw std::ios::failure("error occurred in cpp_pretty_printer_kernel_2::print");
 
@@ -434,7 +432,6 @@ namespace dlib
         const std::string& title
     ) const
     {
-        using namespace std;
         ostringstream sout;
         print(in,sout,title);
         istringstream sin(sout.str());

dlib/cpp_tokenizer/cpp_tokenizer_kernel_1.h

@@ -380,8 +380,6 @@ namespace dlib
         std::string& token
     )
     {
-        using namespace std;
-
         if (!have_peeked)
         {
 

dlib/data_io/libsvm_io.h

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ namespace dlib
         std::vector<label_type, alloc2>& labels
     )
     {
-        using namespace std;
         typedef typename sample_type::value_type pair_type;
         typedef typename basic_type<typename pair_type::first_type>::type key_type;
         typedef typename pair_type::second_type value_type;
@@ -41,13 +40,13 @@ namespace dlib
         samples.clear();
         labels.clear();
 
-        ifstream fin(file_name.c_str());
+        std::ifstream fin(file_name.c_str());
 
         if (!fin)
             throw sample_data_io_error("Unable to open file " + file_name);
 
-        string line;
-        istringstream sin;
+        std::string line;
+        std::istringstream sin;
         key_type key;
         value_type value;
         label_type label;
@@ -56,12 +55,12 @@ namespace dlib
         while (fin.peek() != EOF)
         {
             ++line_num;
-            getline(fin, line);
+            std::getline(fin, line);
 
-            string::size_type pos = line.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n");
+            std::string::size_type pos = line.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n");
 
             // ignore empty lines or comment lines
-            if (pos == string::npos || line[pos] == '#')
+            if (pos == std::string::npos || line[pos] == '#')
                 continue;
 
             sin.clear();
@@ -74,12 +73,12 @@ namespace dlib
                 throw sample_data_io_error("On line: " + cast_to_string(line_num) + ", error while reading file " + file_name );
 
             // eat whitespace
-            sin >> ws;
+            sin >> std::ws;
 
             while (sin.peek() != EOF && sin.peek() != '#')
             {
 
-                sin >> key >> ws;
+                sin >> key >> std::ws;
 
                 // ignore what should be a : character
                 if (sin.get() != ':')
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ namespace dlib
                     sample.insert(sample.end(), make_pair(key, value));
                 }
 
-                sin >> ws;
+                sin >> std::ws;
             }
 
             samples.push_back(sample);
@@ -202,8 +201,7 @@ namespace dlib
             );
 
 
-        using namespace std;
-        ofstream fout(file_name.c_str());
+        std::ofstream fout(file_name.c_str());
         fout.precision(14);
 
         if (!fout)
@@ -244,8 +242,7 @@ namespace dlib
             << "\n\t labels.size():  " << labels.size()
             );
 
-        using namespace std;
-        ofstream fout(file_name.c_str());
+        std::ofstream fout(file_name.c_str());
         fout.precision(14);
 
         if (!fout)

dlib/dir_nav/dir_nav_kernel_1.h

@@ -390,7 +390,6 @@ namespace dlib
         queue_of_files& files
     ) 
     {
-        using namespace std;
         typedef directory::listing_error listing_error;
         typedef file::private_constructor private_constructor;
 
@@ -514,7 +513,6 @@ namespace dlib
         queue_of_dirs& dirs
     ) 
     {
-        using namespace std;
         typedef directory::listing_error listing_error;
         typedef directory::private_constructor private_constructor;
 

dlib/dir_nav/dir_nav_kernel_2.h

@@ -333,8 +333,6 @@ namespace dlib
         queue_of_files& files
     ) 
     {
-        using namespace std;
-
         files.clear();
         if (state.full_name.size() == 0)
             throw directory::listing_error("This directory object currently doesn't represent any directory.");
@@ -345,7 +343,7 @@ namespace dlib
 
         try
         {
-            string path = state.full_name;
+            std::string path = state.full_name;
             // ensure that the path ends with a separator
             if (path[path.size()-1] != directory::get_separator())
                 path += directory::get_separator();
@@ -490,8 +488,6 @@ namespace dlib
         queue_of_dirs& dirs
     ) 
     {
-        using namespace std;
-
         dirs.clear();
         if (state.full_name.size() == 0)
             throw directory::listing_error("This directory object currently doesn't represent any directory.");
@@ -502,7 +498,7 @@ namespace dlib
 
         try
         {
-            string path = state.full_name;
+            std::string path = state.full_name;
             // ensure that the path ends with a separator
             if (path[path.size()-1] != directory::get_separator())
                 path += directory::get_separator();
@@ -540,7 +536,7 @@ namespace dlib
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                string dtemp(data->d_name);
+                std::string dtemp(data->d_name);
                 if (S_ISDIR(buffer.st_mode) &&
                     dtemp != "." &&
                     dtemp != ".." )

dlib/dnn/core.h

@@ -3390,9 +3390,8 @@ namespace dlib
                 const auto forward_error = max(abs(mat(ip_out) - mat(subnetwork2.get_output())));
                 if (forward_error > 0.00001)
                 {
-                    using namespace std;
                     sout << "This layer is supposed to support in-place computations but the output of forward_inplace()\n";
-                    sout << "changes when invoked in-place vs. out-of-place. The error was: " << forward_error << endl;
+                    sout << "changes when invoked in-place vs. out-of-place. The error was: " << forward_error << std::endl;
                     return layer_test_results(sout.str()); 
                 }
 
@@ -3422,18 +3421,16 @@ namespace dlib
                     const auto backward_param_error = max(abs(mat(params_grad1) - mat(params_grad2)));
                     if (backward_param_error > 0.00001)
                     {
-                        using namespace std;
                         sout << "This layer is supposed to support in-place computations but the output of backward_inplace()\n";
-                        sout << "changes when invoked in-place vs. out-of-place. The error was: " << backward_param_error << endl;
+                        sout << "changes when invoked in-place vs. out-of-place. The error was: " << backward_param_error << std::endl;
                         return layer_test_results(sout.str()); 
                     }
                 }
                 const auto backward_data_error = max(abs(mat(data_grad1)-9 - mat(data_grad2)));
                 if (backward_data_error > 0.00001)
                 {
-                    using namespace std;
                     sout << "This layer is supposed to support in-place computations but the output of backward_inplace()\n";
-                    sout << "changes when invoked in-place vs. out-of-place. The error was: " << backward_data_error << endl;
+                    sout << "changes when invoked in-place vs. out-of-place. The error was: " << backward_data_error << std::endl;
                     return layer_test_results(sout.str()); 
                 }
             }
@@ -3467,11 +3464,10 @@ namespace dlib
                 rs_params.add(std::abs(relative_error));
                 if (std::abs(relative_error) > 0.05 && std::abs(absolute_error) > 0.006)
                 {
-                    using namespace std;
-                    sout << "Gradient error in parameter #" << i <<".  Relative error: "<< relative_error << endl;
-                    sout << "expected derivative: " << reference_derivative << endl;
-                    sout << "output derivative:   " << output_derivative << endl;
-                    sout << "iteration:           " << iter << endl;
+                    sout << "Gradient error in parameter #" << i <<".  Relative error: "<< relative_error << std::endl;
+                    sout << "expected derivative: " << reference_derivative << std::endl;
+                    sout << "output derivative:   " << output_derivative << std::endl;
+                    sout << "iteration:           " << iter << std::endl;
                     return layer_test_results(sout.str()); 
                 }
             }
@@ -3504,11 +3500,10 @@ namespace dlib
                 rs_data.add(std::abs(relative_error));
                 if (std::abs(relative_error) > 0.05 && std::abs(absolute_error) > 0.006)
                 {
-                    using namespace std;
-                    sout << "Gradient error in data variable #" << i <<".  Relative error: "<< relative_error << endl;
-                    sout << "expected derivative: " << reference_derivative << endl;
-                    sout << "output derivative:   " << output_derivative << endl;
-                    sout << "iteration:           " << iter << endl;
+                    sout << "Gradient error in data variable #" << i <<".  Relative error: "<< relative_error << std::endl;
+                    sout << "expected derivative: " << reference_derivative << std::endl;
+                    sout << "output derivative:   " << output_derivative << std::endl;
+                    sout << "iteration:           " << iter << std::endl;
                     return layer_test_results(sout.str()); 
                 }
             }
@@ -3517,14 +3512,12 @@ namespace dlib
 
         if (rs_params.mean() > 0.003)
         {
-            using namespace std;
-            sout << "Average parameter gradient error is somewhat large at: "<< rs_params.mean() << endl;
+            sout << "Average parameter gradient error is somewhat large at: "<< rs_params.mean() << std::endl;
             return layer_test_results(sout.str()); 
         }
         if (rs_data.mean() > 0.003)
         {
-            using namespace std;
-            sout << "Average data gradient error is somewhat large at: "<< rs_data.mean() << endl;
+            sout << "Average data gradient error is somewhat large at: "<< rs_data.mean() << std::endl;
             return layer_test_results(sout.str()); 
         }
 

dlib/dnn/loss.h

@@ -1843,12 +1843,11 @@ namespace dlib
             use_image_pyramid assume_image_pyramid
         ) const 
         {
-            using namespace std;
             if (!input_layer(net).image_contained_point(input_tensor,center(rect)))
             {
                 std::ostringstream sout;
-                sout << "Encountered a truth rectangle located at " << rect << " that is outside the image." << endl;
-                sout << "The center of each truth rectangle must be within the image." << endl;
+                sout << "Encountered a truth rectangle located at " << rect << " that is outside the image." << std::endl;
+                sout << "The center of each truth rectangle must be within the image." << std::endl;
                 throw impossible_labeling_error(sout.str());
             }
 

dlib/dnn/utilities.h

@@ -50,8 +50,6 @@ namespace dlib
     inline double log1pexp(double x)
     {
         using std::exp;
-        using namespace std; // Do this instead of using std::log1p because some compilers
-                             // error out otherwise (E.g. gcc 4.9 in cygwin)
         if (x <= -37)
             return exp(x);
         else if (-37 < x && x <= 18)

dlib/error.h

@@ -271,7 +271,6 @@ namespace dlib
                           << "To prevent further fatal errors from being ignored this application will be \n"
                           << "terminated immediately and you should go fix this buggy program.\n\n"
                           << "The error message from this fatal error was:\n" << this->what() << "\n\n" << std::endl;
-                using namespace std;
                 assert(false);
                 abort();
             }

dlib/graph_utils/graph_utils.h

@@ -224,7 +224,6 @@ namespace dlib
                     - #visited[N.index()] == true
         !*/
         {
-            using namespace std;
             if (visited[node.index()] == true)
                 return true;
 
@@ -269,7 +268,6 @@ namespace dlib
                     - #visited[N.index()] == true
         !*/
         {
-            using namespace std;
             if (visited[node.index()] == true)
                 return true;
 
@@ -511,7 +509,6 @@ namespace dlib
         const T& graph
     )
     {
-        using namespace std;
         using namespace graph_helpers;
         std::vector<bool> visited(graph.number_of_nodes(), false);
         std::vector<bool> temp(graph.number_of_nodes(), false);
@@ -544,7 +541,6 @@ namespace dlib
         const T& graph
     )
     {
-        using namespace std;
         using namespace graph_helpers;
         std::vector<bool> visited(graph.number_of_nodes(), false);
 
@@ -860,7 +856,6 @@ namespace dlib
 
 
         using namespace graph_helpers;
-        using namespace std;
         typedef typename set_of_sets_of_int::type set_of_int;
 
         cliques.clear();

dlib/image_keypoint/hessian_pyramid.h

@@ -461,7 +461,6 @@ namespace dlib
             << "\n\t Invalid arguments to this function"
             << "\n\t threshold: " << threshold 
         );
-        using namespace std;
         using namespace hessian_pyramid_helpers;
 
         result_points.clear();

dlib/image_loader/image_loader.h

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #include "../uintn.h"
 #include "../image_transforms/assign_image.h"
 #include <algorithm>
-#include "../vectorstream.h"
 
 namespace dlib
 {
@@ -48,9 +47,7 @@ namespace dlib
             unsigned long biCompression;
             unsigned long a, b, c, d, i;
 
-            using namespace std;
-
-            streambuf& in = *in_.rdbuf();
+            std::streambuf& in = *in_.rdbuf();
             unsigned char buf[100];