pin internal dependencies with upper bounds

[emmyoop]

Resolves #10895

Problem

We introduce some dev thrash with some changes to dbt-common. Most recently we updated an error message that caused tests in 1.8 to break.

Solution

Give dbt-common and dbt-adapters an upper bound pin. Stop point dev-dependencies to main.

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guide and understand what's expected of me.
• I have run this code in development, and it appears to resolve the stated issue.
• This PR includes tests, or tests are not required or relevant for this PR.
• This PR has no interface changes (e.g., macros, CLI, logs, JSON artifacts, config files, adapter interface, etc.) or this PR has already received feedback and approval from Product or DX.
• This PR includes type annotations for new and modified functions.

[github-actions]

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 88.27%. Comparing base (1285917) to head (e10f16d).
Report is 1 commits behind head on 1.8.latest.

Additional details and impacted files

@@              Coverage Diff               @@
##           1.8.latest   #10894      +/-   ##
==============================================
- Coverage       88.27%   88.27%   -0.01%     
==============================================
  Files             181      181              
  Lines           22796    22796              
==============================================
- Hits            20124    20123       -1     
- Misses           2672     2673       +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
integration	85.45% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
unit	62.83% <ø> (ø)

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