feat: move --profile and --target to global config

[rexledesma]

Resolves #7798.

Description

Move --target and --profile command line flags to global config. Also, allow these flags to be set by environment variable (DBT_TARGET, and DBT_PROFILE).

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guide and understand what's expected of me
• I have signed the CLA
• I have run this code in development and it appears to resolve the stated issue
• This PR includes tests, or tests are not required/relevant for this PR
• I have opened an issue to add/update docs, or docs changes are not required/relevant for this PR
• I have run changie new to create a changelog entry

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[aranke]

LGTM, thanks for contributing!

There's an opportunity to simplify the code, but I'll leave whether to do it up to you.

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[dbeatty10]

@rexledesma thanks for submitting this so quickly! 🤩

Could you fill out this super short and easy form? It's a one-time requirement for all our contributors.

Once you do that, then we can make make the CLA Bot happy 😎

[dbeatty10]

@cla-bot check

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[barton996]

@rexledesma Are you happy for me to reopen this PR at some point and use your code as a starting point/solution? I have a signed CLA

[dbeatty10]

@barton996 I'll create a quick starting point for you and share with you here in a few minutes.

[dbeatty10]

Thanks for picking this up @barton996!

You can use these commits from my dbeatty/7798-global-configs branch as a starting point.

It shows how to do the first two bullet points here.

You'd then need to do this part (which is the most time-consuming):

Adding a unit test here to prove these flags are supported in the "global" position, in addition to the "subcommand" position. (We already have a test to verify that dbt should raise an error if the same flag is passed in both positions.)

Finally, you'd need to run changie new to generate a new changelog entry with your username.

[barton996]

@dbeatty10 Cheers I'll take a look when I get a chance